2D Tile codes

[Fe-r-oz]

This PR implements 2D Tile codes from reference and resolves #657. These codes are generalizations of 2D surfaces codes and have O(1) locality on a 2D lattice.

• The code is properly formatted and commented.
• Substantial new functionality is documented within the docs.
• All new functionality is tested.
• All of the automated tests on github pass.
• We recently started enforcing formatting checks. If formatting issues are reported in the new code you have written, please correct them.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 74.32%. Comparing base (fedf723) to head (a0fd424).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #660      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   73.18%   74.32%   +1.13%     
==========================================
  Files         108      109       +1     
  Lines        7335     7298      -37     
==========================================
+ Hits         5368     5424      +56     
+ Misses       1967     1874      -93     

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[Fe-r-oz]

Turning from draft to check tests for all CI. The check-weight tests are yet to be added