Move Clifford helpers from QuantumSavory into QuantumSymbolics extension

[Krastanov-agent]

Summary

• move the Clifford QCGateSequence and related apply!/apply_popindex! helpers from QuantumSavory into ext/QuantumCliffordExt/should_upstream.jl
• include that file from QuantumCliffordExt
• add regression tests for tensor-operator apply! dispatch and stabilizer projector conversion
• bump version to 0.4.14 and update changelog

Context

This is the upstream companion to QuantumSavory PR #344, so that PR can stop carrying the Clifford should_upstream.jl patch locally.

[github-actions]

Benchmark Results (Julia v1)

Time benchmarks

	main	68a4ac4...	main / 68a4ac4...
creation/ket	30 ± 0 ns	30 ± 0 ns	1 ± 0
creation/large_trees/10_layers	0.888 ± 0.044 ms	0.898 ± 0.039 ms	0.99 ± 0.066
creation/large_trees/50_layers	0.0383 ± 0.0037 s	0.0389 ± 0.0037 s	0.983 ± 0.13
creation/op	30 ± 0 ns	30 ± 0 ns	1 ± 0
creation/super_op	30 ± 0 ns	30 ± 0 ns	1 ± 0
express/clifford/simple_ket	1.3 ± 0.049 μs	1.29 ± 0.041 μs	1.01 ± 0.05
express/clifford/simple_observable	2.21 ± 0.12 μs	2.21 ± 0.12 μs	1 ± 0.077
express/optics/pauli_op_4	6.7 ± 0.24 μs	6.78 ± 0.31 μs	0.988 ± 0.058
express/optics/pauli_state_8	2.52 ± 0.09 μs	2.56 ± 0.11 μs	0.988 ± 0.055
express/optics/simple_ket	1.2 ± 0.04 μs	1.17 ± 0.07 μs	1.02 ± 0.07
express/optics/simple_op	1.37 ± 0.069 μs	1.36 ± 0.08 μs	1.01 ± 0.078
linalg/anticommutator	0.361 ± 0.02 μs	0.37 ± 0.019 μs	0.976 ± 0.074
linalg/commutator	0.391 ± 0.02 μs	0.39 ± 0.02 μs	1 ± 0.073
linalg/conjugate	0.04 ± 0.001 μs	0.04 ± 0.001 μs	1 ± 0.035
linalg/dagger	0.04 ± 0.009 μs	0.04 ± 0 μs	1 ± 0.23
linalg/inverse	0.04 ± 0.01 μs	0.04 ± 0.001 μs	1 ± 0.25
linalg/ptrace	13.6 ± 0.4 μs	14.2 ± 0.39 μs	0.957 ± 0.039
linalg/trace	0.04 ± 0.01 μs	0.04 ± 0 μs	1 ± 0.25
linalg/transpose	0.04 ± 0.01 μs	0.04 ± 0 μs	1 ± 0.25
manipulation/expand/commutator	2.06 ± 0.22 ms	2.09 ± 0.25 ms	0.984 ± 0.16
manipulation/expand/distribution	1.72 ± 0.11 ms	1.69 ± 0.091 ms	1.02 ± 0.086
manipulation/simplify/applicable_rules	5.81 ± 0.11 ms	5.71 ± 0.097 ms	1.02 ± 0.025
manipulation/simplify/commutator	0.0402 ± 0.00089 ms	0.0417 ± 0.00085 ms	0.964 ± 0.029
manipulation/simplify/irrelevant_rules	0.886 ± 0.03 ms	0.895 ± 0.03 ms	0.99 ± 0.047
operations/addition/ket	1.3 ± 0.051 μs	1.3 ± 0.061 μs	1 ± 0.061
operations/addition/op	1.26 ± 0.069 μs	1.28 ± 0.06 μs	0.985 ± 0.071
operations/multiplication/bra_ket	1.34 ± 0.021 μs	1.3 ± 0.031 μs	1.03 ± 0.029
operations/multiplication/bra_op	1.35 ± 0.021 μs	1.33 ± 0.04 μs	1.01 ± 0.034
operations/multiplication/inner	1.34 ± 0.021 μs	1.3 ± 0.04 μs	1.03 ± 0.036
operations/multiplication/many	8.93 ± 0.15 μs	8.98 ± 0.16 μs	0.994 ± 0.025
operations/multiplication/op	1.2 ± 0.03 μs	1.2 ± 0.03 μs	1 ± 0.035
operations/multiplication/op_ket	1.43 ± 0.021 μs	1.33 ± 0.031 μs	1.08 ± 0.03
operations/multiplication/outer	1.37 ± 0.021 μs	1.34 ± 0.04 μs	1.02 ± 0.034
operations/scaling/ket	0.09 ± 0 μs	0.07 ± 0.01 μs	1.29 ± 0.18
operations/scaling/op	0.09 ± 0 μs	0.08 ± 0.001 μs	1.12 ± 0.014
operations/tensor/ket	1.11 ± 0.03 μs	1.11 ± 0.04 μs	1 ± 0.045
operations/tensor/many	9.47 ± 0.19 μs	9.67 ± 0.23 μs	0.979 ± 0.031
operations/tensor/op	1.13 ± 0.03 μs	1.11 ± 0.04 μs	1.02 ± 0.045
time_to_load	2.3 ± 0.019 s	2.31 ± 0.009 s	0.995 ± 0.0092

Memory benchmarks

	main	68a4ac4...	main / 68a4ac4...
creation/ket	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
creation/large_trees/10_layers	11.6 k allocs: 0.283 MB	11.6 k allocs: 0.283 MB	1
creation/large_trees/50_layers	0.662 M allocs: 13 MB	0.662 M allocs: 13 MB	1
creation/op	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
creation/super_op	0 allocs: 0 B	0 allocs: 0 B
express/clifford/simple_ket	16 allocs: 0.641 kB	16 allocs: 0.641 kB	1
express/clifford/simple_observable	0.06 k allocs: 2.66 kB	0.06 k allocs: 2.66 kB	1
express/optics/pauli_op_4	0.055 k allocs: 3.72 kB	0.055 k allocs: 3.72 kB	1
express/optics/pauli_state_8	31 allocs: 1.27 kB	31 allocs: 1.27 kB	1
express/optics/simple_ket	20 allocs: 0.75 kB	20 allocs: 0.75 kB	1
express/optics/simple_op	26 allocs: 1.09 kB	26 allocs: 1.09 kB	1
linalg/anticommutator	11 allocs: 0.438 kB	11 allocs: 0.438 kB	1
linalg/commutator	11 allocs: 0.438 kB	11 allocs: 0.438 kB	1
linalg/conjugate	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	1
linalg/dagger	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	1
linalg/inverse	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	1
linalg/ptrace	0.098 k allocs: 3.56 kB	0.098 k allocs: 3.56 kB	1
linalg/trace	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	1
linalg/transpose	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	3 allocs: 0.125 kB	1
manipulation/expand/commutator	14.5 k allocs: 0.453 MB	14.5 k allocs: 0.453 MB	1
manipulation/expand/distribution	15.4 k allocs: 0.492 MB	15.4 k allocs: 0.492 MB	1
manipulation/simplify/applicable_rules	0.0496 M allocs: 1.66 MB	0.0497 M allocs: 1.67 MB	1
manipulation/simplify/commutator	0.444 k allocs: 14.1 kB	0.444 k allocs: 14.1 kB	1
manipulation/simplify/irrelevant_rules	8.5 k allocs: 0.267 MB	8.5 k allocs: 0.267 MB	1
operations/addition/ket	25 allocs: 1.48 kB	25 allocs: 1.48 kB	1
operations/addition/op	25 allocs: 1.48 kB	25 allocs: 1.48 kB	1
operations/multiplication/bra_ket	12 allocs: 0.453 kB	12 allocs: 0.453 kB	1
operations/multiplication/bra_op	13 allocs: 0.484 kB	13 allocs: 0.484 kB	1
operations/multiplication/inner	12 allocs: 0.453 kB	12 allocs: 0.453 kB	1
operations/multiplication/many	0.083 k allocs: 3.17 kB	0.083 k allocs: 3.17 kB	1
operations/multiplication/op	12 allocs: 0.469 kB	12 allocs: 0.469 kB	1
operations/multiplication/op_ket	13 allocs: 0.484 kB	13 allocs: 0.484 kB	1
operations/multiplication/outer	13 allocs: 0.484 kB	13 allocs: 0.484 kB	1
operations/scaling/ket	4 allocs: 0.156 kB	4 allocs: 0.156 kB	1
operations/scaling/op	4 allocs: 0.156 kB	4 allocs: 0.156 kB	1
operations/tensor/ket	12 allocs: 0.469 kB	12 allocs: 0.469 kB	1
operations/tensor/many	0.078 k allocs: 3.44 kB	0.078 k allocs: 3.44 kB	1
operations/tensor/op	12 allocs: 0.469 kB	12 allocs: 0.469 kB	1
time_to_load	0.149 k allocs: 11.2 kB	0.149 k allocs: 11.2 kB	1