fix(qwik-city): support Deno as package manager for production builds

When using Deno to manage dependencies and run builds (e.g.
`deno task build.client` + `deno task build.server`), two issues
prevented a working production build:

1. The Vite plugin's temp file mechanism for passing the client
   manifest to the server build was gated on node/bun only, so
   Deno builds got null manifests and Code(31) errors.

2. SSG static generation stubbed out with Deno.exit(1) instead of
   delegating to the Node implementation, which works under Deno's
   Node compatibility layer.

- Extract `hasNodeCompat()` predicate to include deno in all 4 env
  gates in the Vite plugin
- Route Deno to the Node SSG module at runtime (same as Bun)
- Remove dead static/deno stub and its build step

Closes #8364

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: ianlet

.changeset/deno-production-builds.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+'@builder.io/qwik': patch
+'@builder.io/qwik-city': patch
+---
+
+FIX: support Deno as package manager for production builds. The Vite plugin now recognizes Deno as a Node-compatible runtime for manifest passing, and SSG delegates to the Node implementation instead of stubbing out.

packages/qwik-city/src/static/deno/index.ts

@@ -21,10 +21,7 @@ export async function generate(opts: StaticGenerateOptions) {
 export type { StaticGenerateOptions, StaticGenerateRenderOptions, StaticGenerateResult };
 
 function getEntryModulePath() {
-  if (isDeno()) {
-    return './deno.mjs';
-  }
-  if (isNode() || isBun()) {
+  if (isNode() || isBun() || isDeno()) {
     if (isCjs()) {
       return './node.cjs';
     }

packages/qwik-city/src/static/index.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import type {
   OptimizerOptions,
   OptimizerSystem,
   QwikManifest,
+  SystemEnvironment,
   TransformModule,
 } from '../types';
 import { type BundleGraphAdder } from './bundle-graph';
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ export function qwikVite(qwikViteOpts: QwikVitePluginOptions = {}): any {
             pluginOpts.input = viteConfig.build?.lib.entry;
           }
         }
-        if (sys.env === 'node' || sys.env === 'bun') {
+        if (hasNodeCompat(sys.env)) {
           const fs: typeof import('fs') = await sys.dynamicImport('node:fs');
 
           try {
@@ -551,7 +552,7 @@ export function qwikVite(qwikViteOpts: QwikVitePluginOptions = {}): any {
           );
 
           const sys = qwikPlugin.getSys();
-          if (tmpClientManifestPath && (sys.env === 'node' || sys.env === 'bun')) {
+          if (tmpClientManifestPath && hasNodeCompat(sys.env)) {
             // Client build should write the manifest to a tmp dir
             const fs: typeof import('fs') = await sys.dynamicImport('node:fs');
             await fs.promises.writeFile(tmpClientManifestPath, clientManifestStr);
@@ -566,7 +567,7 @@ export function qwikVite(qwikViteOpts: QwikVitePluginOptions = {}): any {
         // ssr build
 
         const sys = qwikPlugin.getSys();
-        if (sys.env === 'node' || sys.env === 'bun') {
+        if (hasNodeCompat(sys.env)) {
           const outputs = Object.keys(rollupBundle);
 
           // In order to simplify executing the server script with a common script
@@ -758,7 +759,7 @@ const findQwikRoots = async (
   packageJsonDir: string
 ): Promise<QwikPackages[]> => {
   const paths = new Map<string, string>();
-  if (sys.env === 'node' || sys.env === 'bun') {
+  if (hasNodeCompat(sys.env)) {
     const fs: typeof import('fs') = await sys.dynamicImport('node:fs');
     let prevPackageJsonDir: string | undefined;
     do {
@@ -819,6 +820,9 @@ export const isNotNullable = <T>(v: T): v is NonNullable<T> => {
   return v != null;
 };
 
+/** Whether the runtime supports Node standard library APIs (node:fs, node:os, etc.). */
+const hasNodeCompat = (env: SystemEnvironment) => env === 'node' || env === 'bun' || env === 'deno';
+
 const VITE_CLIENT_MODULE = `@builder.io/qwik/vite-client`;
 const CLIENT_DEV_INPUT = 'entry.dev';
 

packages/qwik/src/optimizer/src/plugins/vite.ts

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ const chunkInfoMocks = [
   },
 ] as Rollup.PreRenderedChunk[];
 
-function mockOptimizerOptions(): OptimizerOptions {
+function mockOptimizerOptions(env: 'node' | 'deno' = 'node'): OptimizerOptions {
   return {
     sys: {
       cwd: () => process.cwd(),
-      env: 'node',
+      env,
       os: process.platform,
       dynamicImport: async (path) => import(path),
       strictDynamicImport: async (path) => import(path),
@@ -417,6 +417,51 @@ test('should use build.outDir config when assetsDir is _astro', async () => {
   assert.equal(c.build.outDir, normalizePath(resolve(cwd, `dist/`)));
 });
 
+test('command: build, mode: production (deno)', async () => {
+  const initOpts = {
+    optimizerOptions: mockOptimizerOptions('deno'),
+  };
+  const plugin = getPlugin(initOpts);
+  const c = (await plugin.config.call(
+    configHookPluginContext,
+    {},
+    { command: 'build', mode: 'production' }
+  ))!;
+  const opts = await plugin.api?.getOptions();
+
+  assert.deepEqual(opts.target, 'client');
+  assert.deepEqual(opts.buildMode, 'production');
+  assert.deepEqual(opts.resolveQwikBuild, true);
+
+  // Deno should produce the same config shape as Node
+  const build = c.build!;
+  assert.deepEqual(build.outDir, normalizePath(resolve(cwd, 'dist')));
+  assert.deepEqual(build.dynamicImportVarsOptions?.exclude, [/./]);
+  assert.deepEqual(build.ssr, undefined);
+});
+
+test('command: build, --ssr entry.server.tsx (deno)', async () => {
+  const initOpts = {
+    optimizerOptions: mockOptimizerOptions('deno'),
+  };
+  const plugin = getPlugin(initOpts);
+  const c = (await plugin.config.call(
+    configHookPluginContext,
+    { build: { ssr: resolve(cwd, 'src', 'entry.server.tsx') } },
+    { command: 'build', mode: '' }
+  ))!;
+  const opts = await plugin.api?.getOptions();
+
+  assert.deepEqual(opts.target, 'ssr');
+  assert.deepEqual(opts.buildMode, 'development');
+  assert.deepEqual(opts.entryStrategy, { type: 'hoist' });
+
+  const build = c.build!;
+  assert.deepEqual(build.outDir, normalizePath(resolve(cwd, 'server')));
+  assert.deepEqual(build.ssr, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(c.publicDir, false);
+});
+
 test('command: build, --mode lib', async () => {
   const initOpts = {
     optimizerOptions: mockOptimizerOptions(),

packages/qwik/src/optimizer/src/plugins/vite.unit.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ export async function buildQwikCity(config: BuildConfig) {
     buildMiddlewareFirebase(config),
     buildStatic(config),
     buildStaticNode(config),
-    buildStaticDeno(config),
   ]);
 
   await buildRuntime(config);
@@ -637,19 +636,6 @@ async function buildStatic(config: BuildConfig) {
   });
 }
 
-async function buildStaticDeno(config: BuildConfig) {
-  const entryPoints = [join(config.srcQwikCityDir, 'static', 'deno', 'index.ts')];
-
-  await build({
-    entryPoints,
-    outfile: join(config.distQwikCityPkgDir, 'static', 'deno.mjs'),
-    bundle: true,
-    platform: 'neutral',
-    format: 'esm',
-    plugins: [resolveRequestHandler('../middleware/request-handler/index.mjs')],
-  });
-}
-
 async function buildStaticNode(config: BuildConfig) {
   const entryPoints = [join(config.srcQwikCityDir, 'static', 'node', 'index.ts')];