Improved macOS support: JNA

pom.xml

@@ -222,6 +222,16 @@
       <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
       <version>${log4j.version}</version>
     </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>net.java.dev.jna</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jna</artifactId>
+      <version>5.16.0</version>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>net.java.dev.jna</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jna-platform</artifactId>
+      <version>5.16.0</version>
+    </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 
   <profiles>

src/main/java/engineering/swat/watch/impl/mac/NativeEventHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * BSD 2-Clause License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, Swat.engineering
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac;
+
+import java.nio.file.WatchEvent;
+import java.nio.file.WatchEvent.Kind;
+
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * Handler for native events, intended to be used in a {@link NativeEventStream}
+ * callback to construct {@link WatchEvent}s (and propagate them for downstream
+ * consumption).
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * In each invocation, the types of {@code kind} and {@code context} depend
+ * specifically on the given native event: they're {@code Kind<Path>} and
+ * {@code Path} for non-overflows, but they're {@code Kind<Object>} and
+ * {@code Object} for overflows. This precision is needed to construct
+ * {@link WatchEvent}s, where the types of {@code kind} and {@code context} need
+ * to be correlated. Note: {@link java.util.function.BiConsumer} doesn't give
+ * the required precision (i.e., its type parameters are initialized only once
+ * for all invocations).
+ * </p>
+ */
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface NativeEventHandler {
+    <T> void handle(Kind<T> kind, @Nullable T context);
+}

src/main/java/engineering/swat/watch/impl/mac/NativeEventStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/*
+ * BSD 2-Clause License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, Swat.engineering
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac;
+
+import static engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamCreateFlag.FILE_EVENTS;
+import static engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamCreateFlag.NO_DEFER;
+import static engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamCreateFlag.WATCH_ROOT;
+import static engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamEventFlag.ITEM_CREATED;
+import static engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamEventFlag.ITEM_INODE_META_MOD;
+import static engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamEventFlag.ITEM_MODIFIED;
+import static engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamEventFlag.ITEM_REMOVED;
+import static engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamEventFlag.MUST_SCAN_SUB_DIRS;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.OVERFLOW;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
+
+import com.sun.jna.Memory;
+import com.sun.jna.Native;
+import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.mac.CoreFoundation;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.mac.CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.mac.CoreFoundation.CFIndex;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.mac.CoreFoundation.CFStringRef;
+
+import engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.DispatchObjects;
+import engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.DispatchQueue;
+import engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents;
+import engineering.swat.watch.impl.mac.apis.FileSystemEvents.FSEventStreamCallback;
+
+// Note: This file is designed to be the only place in this package where JNA is
+// used and/or the native APIs are invoked. If the need to do so arises outside
+// this file, consider extending this file to offer the required services
+// without exposing JNA and/or the native APIs.
+
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * Stream of native events for a path, issued by macOS. It's a facade-like
+ * object that hides the low-level native APIs behind a higher-level interface.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Note: Methods {@link #open()} and {@link #close()} synchronize on this object
+ * to avoid races. The synchronization overhead is expected to be negligible, as
+ * these methods are expected to be rarely invoked.
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class NativeEventStream implements Closeable {
+
+    // Native APIs
+    private static final CoreFoundation   CF  = CoreFoundation.INSTANCE;
+    private static final DispatchObjects  DO  = DispatchObjects.INSTANCE;
+    private static final DispatchQueue    DQ  = DispatchQueue.INSTANCE;
+    private static final FileSystemEvents FSE = FileSystemEvents.INSTANCE;
+
+    // Native memory (automatically deallocated when set to `null`)
+    private @Nullable FSEventStreamCallback callback;
+    private @Nullable Pointer stream;
+    private @Nullable Pointer queue;
+
+    private final Path path;
+    private final NativeEventHandler handler;
+    private volatile boolean closed;
+
+    public NativeEventStream(Path path, NativeEventHandler handler) throws IOException {
+        this.path = path.toRealPath(); // Resolve symbolic links
+        this.handler = handler;
+        this.closed = true;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void open() {
+        if (!closed) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Stream is already open");
+        } else {
+            closed = false;
+        }
+
+        // Allocate native memory. (Checker Framework: The local variables are
+        // `@NonNull` copies of the `@Nullable` fields.)
+        var callback = this.callback = createCallback();
+        var stream = this.stream = createFSEventStream(callback);
+        var queue = this.queue = createDispatchQueue();
+
+        // Start the stream
+        FSE.FSEventStreamSetDispatchQueue(stream, queue);
+        FSE.FSEventStreamStart(stream);
+    }
+
+    private FSEventStreamCallback createCallback() {
+        return new FSEventStreamCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void callback(Pointer streamRef, Pointer clientCallBackInfo,
+                    long numEvents, Pointer eventPaths, Pointer eventFlags, Pointer eventIds) {
+                // This function is called each time native events are issued by
+                // macOS. The purpose of this function is to perform the minimal
+                // amount of processing to hide the native APIs from downstream
+                // consumers, who are offered native events via `handler`.
+
+                var paths = eventPaths.getStringArray(0, (int) numEvents);
+                var flags = eventFlags.getIntArray(0, (int) numEvents);
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < numEvents; i++) {
+                    var context = path.relativize(Path.of(paths[i]));
+
+                    // Note: Multiple "physical" native events might be
+                    // coalesced into a single "logical" native event, so the
+                    // following series of checks should be if-statements
+                    // (instead of if/else-statements).
+                    if (any(flags[i], ITEM_CREATED.mask)) {
+                        handler.handle(ENTRY_CREATE, context);
+                    }
+                    if (any(flags[i], ITEM_REMOVED.mask)) {
+                        handler.handle(ENTRY_DELETE, context);
+                    }
+                    if (any(flags[i], ITEM_MODIFIED.mask | ITEM_INODE_META_MOD.mask)) {
+                        handler.handle(ENTRY_MODIFY, context);
+                    }
+                    if (any(flags[i], MUST_SCAN_SUB_DIRS.mask)) {
+                        handler.handle(OVERFLOW, null);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            private boolean any(int bits, int mask) {
+                return (bits & mask) != 0;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Pointer createFSEventStream(FSEventStreamCallback callback) {
+        try (
+            var pathsToWatch = new Strings(path.toString());
+        ) {
+            var allocator = CF.CFAllocatorGetDefault();
+            var context   = Pointer.NULL;
+            var sinceWhen = FSE.FSEventsGetCurrentEventId();
+            var latency   = 0.15;
+            var flags     = NO_DEFER.mask | WATCH_ROOT.mask | FILE_EVENTS.mask;
+            return FSE.FSEventStreamCreate(allocator, callback, context, pathsToWatch.toCFArray(), sinceWhen, latency, flags);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Pointer createDispatchQueue() {
+        var label = "engineering.swat.watch";
+        var attr  = Pointer.NULL;
+        return DQ.dispatch_queue_create(label, attr);
+    }
+
+    // -- Closeable --
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void close() {
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Stream is already closed");
+        } else {
+            closed = true;
+        }
+
+        // Stop the stream
+        if (stream != null) {
+            var streamNonNull = stream; // Checker Framework: `@NonNull` copy of `@Nullable` field
+            FSE.FSEventStreamStop(streamNonNull);
+            FSE.FSEventStreamSetDispatchQueue(streamNonNull, Pointer.NULL);
+            FSE.FSEventStreamInvalidate(streamNonNull);
+            FSE.FSEventStreamRelease(streamNonNull);
+        }
+        if (queue != null) {
+            DO.dispatch_release(queue);
+        }
+
+        // Deallocate native memory
+        callback = null;
+        stream = null;
+        queue = null;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Array of strings in native memory, needed to create a new native event stream
+ * (i.e., the {@code pathsToWatch} argument of {@code FSEventStreamCreate} is an
+ * array of strings).
+ */
+class Strings implements AutoCloseable {
+
+    // Native APIs
+    private static final CoreFoundation CF = CoreFoundation.INSTANCE;
+
+    // Native memory
+    private final CFStringRef[] strings;
+    private final CFArrayRef array;
+
+    private volatile boolean closed = false;
+
+    public Strings(String... strings) {
+        // Allocate native memory
+        this.strings = createCFStrings(strings);
+        this.array = createCFArray(this.strings);
+    }
+
+    public CFArrayRef toCFArray() {
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Strings are already deallocated");
+        } else {
+            return array;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static CFStringRef[] createCFStrings(String[] pathsToWatch) {
+        var n = pathsToWatch.length;
+
+        var strings = new CFStringRef[n];
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            strings[i] = CFStringRef.createCFString(pathsToWatch[i]);
+        }
+        return strings;
+    }
+
+    private static CFArrayRef createCFArray(CFStringRef[] strings) {
+        var n = strings.length;
+        var size = Native.getNativeSize(CFStringRef.class);
+
+        // Create a temporary array of pointers to the strings (automatically
+        // freed when `values` goes out of scope)
+        var values = new Memory(n * size);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            values.setPointer(i * size, strings[i].getPointer());
+        }
+
+        // Create a permanent array based on the temporary array
+        var alloc = CF.CFAllocatorGetDefault();
+        var numValues = new CFIndex(n);
+        var callBacks = Pointer.NULL;
+        return CF.CFArrayCreate(alloc, values, numValues, callBacks);
+    }
+
+    // -- AutoCloseable --
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Strings are already deallocated");
+        } else {
+            closed = true;
+        }
+
+        // Deallocate native memory
+        for (var s : strings) {
+            if (s != null) {
+                s.release();
+            }
+        }
+        if (array != null) {
+            array.release();
+        }
+    }
+}