cygwin: Switch to version-specific URLs, add autoupdate hash

[SorYoshino]

Summary

Refactors the cygwin manifest to implement version-specific hash extraction and improves persistence logic for better reliability across different architectures.

Related issues or pull requests

• Relates to [Bug]: failed to uninstall cygwin #4899
• Relates to cygwin@2.933: hash check failed #6747
• Relates to cygwin@2.934: hash check failed #6833
• Relates to cygwin@2.935: hash check failed #7590
• Too many...

Changes

• URL Refactoring: Switched from rolling/generic URLs to version-specific URLs to ensure installation reproducibility.
• Version-specific Hash Extraction:
  • Update autoupdate to parse sha512.sum dynamically.
  • Use architecture-specific regex in the hash field to ensure the 64-bit hash is matched against setup-$version.x86_64.exe and the 32-bit hash against setup-$version.x86.exe.
• Persistence & Permission Fixes:
  • Integrate persist_permission to maintain Cygwin's critical POSIX file attributes.
  • Move directory setup to a robust installer script with ensure checks.
• UX Improvements: Organized shortcuts into a Cygwin subfolder and added --upgrade-also to the installation arguments.

Notes

• When a new version is detected, the version referenced by the previous download link may not necessarily be the latest, which has led to a large number of related issues.

• A comparison of the shortlog and tags shows that the binary files for the latest release are published some time before the corresponding information appears in the tags. Since it is unclear how long after the shortlog is published the corresponding version becomes available at the release URL, the release URL is used as the checkver source to avoid auto-update failures.

• Use the --upgrade-also option in the installer script to ensure the installed application is upgraded to the latest version simultaneously. Add the --no-version-check option to the Cygwin Setup shortcut to prevent version update prompts during use. The options used in this PR are explained as follows:

  ┏[ D:\Software\Scoop\Global\apps\Cygwin\current]
  └─> .\cygwin-setup.exe --help
  
  Cygwin setup 2.936
  
  Command Line Options:
  
   -l --local-package-dir            Local package directory
   -B --no-admin                     Do not check for and enforce running as
                                     Administrator
   -n --no-shortcuts                 Disable creation of desktop and start menu
                                     shortcuts
      --no-version-check             Suppress checking if a newer version of
                                     setup is available
   -q --quiet-mode                   Unattended setup mode (unattended, noinput,
                                     hidden)
   -R --root                         Root installation directory
   -s --site                         Download site URL, path or UNC path
   -g --upgrade-also                 Also upgrade installed packages
  
  The default is to both download and install packages, unless either --download or --local-install is specified.
  

Testing

The test results are as follows:

┏[ D:\Software\Scoop\Local\apps\scoop\current\bin][ develop ≡]
└─> .\checkver.ps1 -App cygwin -Dir 'D:\Temporary\Software\Microsoft\Windows Sandbox\Repositories\Scoop\Buckets\Main\bucket' -f
cygwin: 2.936 (scoop version is 2.936)
Forcing autoupdate!
Autoupdating cygwin
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$url                           https://cygwin.com/setup/setup-2.936.x86_64.exe
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$urlNoExt                      https://cygwin.com/setup/setup-2.936.x86_64
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$basenameNoExt                 setup-2.936.x86_64
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$version                       2.936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$dashVersion                   2-936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$match1                        2.936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$preReleaseVersion             2.936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$minorVersion                  936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$underscoreVersion             2_936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$dotVersion                    2.936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$cleanVersion                  2936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$baseurl                       https://cygwin.com/setup
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$patchVersion
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$matchHead                     2.936
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$basename                      setup-2.936.x86_64.exe
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$matchTail
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$buildVersion
DEBUG[1771171539] $substitutions.$majorVersion                  2
DEBUG[1771171539] $hashfile_url = https://cygwin.com/setup/sha512.sum -> D:\Software\Scoop\Local\apps\scoop\current\lib\autoupdate.ps1:233:5
Searching hash for setup-2.936.x86_64.exe in https://cygwin.com/setup/sha512.sum
DEBUG[1771171540] $filenameRegex = ([a-fA-F0-9]{32,128})[\x20\t]+.*setup-2\.936\.x86_64\.exe(?:\s|$)|setup-2\.936\.x86_64\.exe[\x20\t]+.*?([a-fA-F0-9]{32,128}) -> D:\Software\Scoop\Local\apps\scoop\current\lib\autoupdate.ps1:101:13
Found: sha512:a5a5c8dac943dd70363fc96f6da23486c1f45f3f8077eab72566a323df61aed8197aedd3453dabe8308cde65d40589030ed428c50760fc72482af322fbbc8ed9 using Extract Mode
Writing updated cygwin manifest

┏[ D:\Software\Scoop\Local\apps\scoop\current\bin][ develop ≡]
└─> `scoop download Unofficial/cygwin
INFO  Downloading 'cygwin' [64bit] from Unofficial bucket
Starting download with aria2...
Download: Download Results:
Download: gid   |stat|avg speed  |  %|path/URI
Download: ======+====+===========+===+===================================================
Download: 9a76f4|OK  |   1.0MiB/s|100|D:/Software/Scoop/Local/cache/cygwin#2.936#d591dc6.exe
Download: Status Legend:
Download: (OK):download completed.
Checking hash of setup-2.936.x86_64.exe... OK.
'cygwin' (2.936) was downloaded successfully!

┏[ D:\Software\Scoop\Local\cache]
└─> .\cygwin#2.936#d591dc6.exe --version | Write-Output
Cygwin setup 2.936

• Use conventional PR title: <manifest-name[@version]|chore>: <general summary of the pull request>
• I have read the Contributing Guide

[github-actions]

All changes look good.

Wait for review from human collaborators.

cygwin

• Lint
• Description
• License
• Hashes
• Checkver
• Autoupdate
• Autoupdate Hash Extraction

Check the full log for details.

[SorYoshino]

/verify

[github-actions]

All changes look good.

Wait for review from human collaborators.

cygwin

• Lint
• Description
• License
• Hashes
• Checkver
• Autoupdate
• Autoupdate Hash Extraction

Check the full log for details.

[SorYoshino]

The behavior of cygwin-setup.exe is similar to that of Umi-OCR.exe: running cygwin-setup --help directly produces no output, but the installer does accept command-line parameters. If you want the output of options such as --help to be displayed, you can use a pipe.

┏[ D:\Software\Scoop\Local\apps\scoop\current\bin][ develop ≡]
└─> cygwin-setup --version | Write-Output
Cygwin setup 2.936

---

During the installation or update of cygwin, the message “Creating shim for 'cygwin'.” is displayed. Retaining the original content in the notes field therefore serves no practical purpose, so I removed it. I am unsure whether it is necessary to add an explanation in the notes field regarding the output behavior of cygwin-setup.exe.

{
    "notes": [
        "Due to the specific output behavior of `cygwin-setup.exe`, executing `cygwin-setup <option>` directly in a terminal may not display any output.",
        "To display the corresponding output, use a pipe to forward the result to the console.",
        "In PowerShell, execute `cygwin-setup <option> | Write-Output` to display the output.",
        "In Command Prompt (cmd), execute `cygwin-setup <option> | more` to display the output."
    ]
}