fix: remove potential segv from postfix_evaluation.cpp

[vil02]

Description of Change

The Stack class has fixed capacity and can store up to 20 elements. This might lead to a segmentation fault. This PR fixes that, i.e.:

• adds a test, which causes the old code to fail.
• it replaced the Stack class by std::stack.

Similar to #2994.

Checklist

• Added description of change
• Added file name matches File name guidelines
• Added tests and example, test must pass
• Added documentation so that the program is self-explanatory and educational - Doxygen guidelines
• Relevant documentation/comments is changed or added
• PR title follows semantic commit guidelines
• Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
• I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.

Notes:
Removes a potential segv.