Dev: Added algorithm to find the nth number in the Sylvester Sequence

[BanulaKumarage]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 75.74%. Comparing base (6d51709) to head (dc60172).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #6613      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     75.72%   75.74%   +0.01%     
- Complexity     5763     5766       +3     
============================================
  Files           700      701       +1     
  Lines         19751    19757       +6     
  Branches       3830     3831       +1     
============================================
+ Hits          14957    14965       +8     
+ Misses         4215     4214       -1     
+ Partials        579      578       -1     

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[alxkm]

Looks good, thanks for the contribution.