Create electric-potential-point-charge.py for electronics branch

electronics/electric_potential_point_charge.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+COULOMB_CONSTANT = 8.99e9  # N·m²/C², Coulomb's constant
+"""reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential"""
+
+
+def electric_potential_point_charge(charge: float, distance: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
+
+    Parameters:
+    - charge (float): The charge in Coulombs.
+    - distance (float): The distance from the charge in meters.
+
+    Returns:
+    - float: The electric potential at the point.
+
+    Raises:
+    - ValueError: If both charge and distance are zero, or if distance is negative.
+
+    Examples:
+    >>> electric_potential_point_charge(1e-6, 0.05)
+    179800.0
+    >>> electric_potential_point_charge(0, 0.05)
+    0
+    >>> electric_potential_point_charge(1e-6, 0)
+    inf
+    >>> electric_potential_point_charge(1e-6, -0.05)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Distance cannot be negative.
+    """
+    if distance < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Distance cannot be negative.")
+    elif distance == 0 and charge == 0:
+        raise ValueError("Charge and distance cannot both be zero.")
+    elif distance == 0:
+        return float("inf")  # Potential is infinity when distance is zero
+    elif charge == 0:
+        return 0  # Zero potential for zero charge
+    return (COULOMB_CONSTANT * charge) / distance
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()