Create potential_energy_two_charges.py

electronics/potential_energy_two_charges.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential_energy"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+k_e = 8.99 * (10**9)  # N·m²/C², Coulomb's constant
+
+
+def potential_energy_2_charges(
+    charge_1: float,
+    charge_2: float,
+    distance: float,
+) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the potential energy due to two charges.
+
+    Parameters:
+    - charge_1 (float): The charge in Coulombs.
+    - charge_2 (float): The charge in Coulombs.
+    - distance (float): The distance between the charges in meters.
+
+    Returns:
+    - float: The potential energy.
+
+    Raises:
+    - ValueError: If distance is less than zero.
+
+    Examples:
+    >>> potential_energy_2_charges(1e-6, 1e-6, 0.01)
+    0.899
+    >>> potential_energy_2_charges(2e-6, 3e-6, 0.05)
+    1.0788
+    >>> potential_energy_2_charges(0, 3e-6, 0.05)
+    0
+    >>> potential_energy_2_charges(2e-6, 3e-6, 0)
+    inf
+    >>> potential_energy_2_charges(2e-6, 3e-6, -0.05)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Distance must be greater than zero.
+    """
+    if charge_1 == 0 or charge_2 == 0:
+        return 0
+    if distance <= 0:
+        if distance == 0:
+            return float("inf")
+        raise ValueError("Distance must be greater than zero.")
+
+    potential_energy = k_e * charge_1 * charge_2 / distance
+    return round(potential_energy, 6)  # Round for precision
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()