Traewelling · MrKrisKrisu · Mar 14, 2026 · Mar 14, 2026
diff --git a/app/Providers/PrometheusServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/PrometheusServiceProvider.php
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@
 use Spatie\Prometheus\Facades\Prometheus;
 
 const PROM_JOB_SCRAPER_SEPARATOR = '-PROM-JOB-SCRAPER-SEPARATOR-';
+
+/** Cache TTL for slow Prometheus metrics (10 minutes) */
+const PROM_CACHE_TTL = 600;
+
+/** Cache TTL for frequently-changing metrics like en-route counts (2 minutes) */
+const PROM_CACHE_TTL_SHORT = 120;
+
 class PrometheusServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
 {
     /**
@@ -52,19 +59,18 @@ public function register(): void
 
     public static function getJobsByDisplayName(string $tableName): array
     {
-        $counts = DB::table($tableName)
-            ->get(['queue', 'payload'])
-            ->map(fn ($row) => [
-                'queue' => $row->queue,
-                'displayName' => json_decode($row->payload)->displayName])
-            ->countBy(fn ($job) => $job['displayName'] . PROM_JOB_SCRAPER_SEPARATOR . $job['queue'])
+        // Use SQL JSON extraction instead of fetching all payload columns to PHP
+        // and decoding them one by one.
+        $jsonExtract = DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite'
+            ? "json_extract(payload, '$.displayName')"
+            : "JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT(payload, '$.displayName'))";
+
+        return DB::table($tableName)
+            ->selectRaw("count(*) AS total, queue, {$jsonExtract} AS display_name")
+            ->groupBy('queue', 'display_name')
+            ->get()
+            ->map(fn ($row) => [$row->total, [$row->display_name, $row->queue]])
             ->toArray();
-
-        return array_map(
-            fn ($jobProperties, $count) => [$count, explode(PROM_JOB_SCRAPER_SEPARATOR, $jobProperties)],
-            array_keys($counts),
-            array_values($counts)
-        );
     }
 
     private function getHafasByType(array $getFailures): array
@@ -116,13 +122,13 @@ public function metaDataStats(): void
         Prometheus::addGauge('Stations count')
             ->helpText('How many stations exist in the database?')
             ->value(function () {
-                return Station::count();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_station_count', PROM_CACHE_TTL, fn () => Station::count());
             });
 
         Prometheus::addGauge('Station identifiers count')
             ->helpText('How many station identifiers exist in the database?')
             ->value(function () {
-                return StationIdentifier::count();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_station_identifier_count', PROM_CACHE_TTL, fn () => StationIdentifier::count());
             });
 
         Prometheus::addGauge('Users count')
@@ -149,57 +155,65 @@ public function metaDataStats(): void
             ->helpText('How many hafas trips are posted grouped by operator and mode of transport?')
             ->labels(['operator', 'category'])
             ->value(function () {
-                return Trip::groupBy('operator_id', 'category')
-                    ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, operator_id, category')
-                    ->with('operator')
-                    ->get()
-                    ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->operator?->name, $item->category]])
-                    ->toArray();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_trips_by_operator_category', PROM_CACHE_TTL, function () {
+                    return Trip::leftJoin('hafas_operators', 'hafas_trips.operator_id', '=', 'hafas_operators.id')
+                        ->groupBy('hafas_trips.operator_id', 'hafas_trips.category')
+                        ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, MAX(hafas_operators.name) AS operator_name, hafas_trips.category')
+                        ->get()
+                        ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->operator_name, $item->category]])
+                        ->toArray();
+                });
             });
 
         Prometheus::addGauge('Trip Source count')
             ->helpText('How many hafas trips are posted grouped by source?')
             ->label('source')
             ->value(function () {
-                return Trip::groupBy('source')
-                    ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, source')
-                    ->get()
-                    ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->source?->value]])
-                    ->toArray();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_trips_by_source', PROM_CACHE_TTL, function () {
+                    return Trip::groupBy('source')
+                        ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, source')
+                        ->get()
+                        ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->source?->value]])
+                        ->toArray();
+                });
             });
 
         Prometheus::addGauge('Polylines count')
             ->helpText('How many polylines are saved grouped by source?')
             ->labels(['source'])
             ->value(function () {
-                return PolyLine::groupBy('source')
-                    ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, source')
-                    ->get()
-                    ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->source]])
-                    ->toArray();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_polylines_by_source', PROM_CACHE_TTL, function () {
+                    return PolyLine::groupBy('source')
+                        ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, source')
+                        ->get()
+                        ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->source]])
+                        ->toArray();
+                });
             });
 
         Prometheus::addGauge('profile_image_count')
             ->helpText('How many profile images are stored?')
             ->value(function () {
-                $iter = new \FilesystemIterator(public_path('uploads/avatars'));
+                return Cache::remember('prom_profile_image_count', PROM_CACHE_TTL, function () {
+                    $iter = new \FilesystemIterator(public_path('uploads/avatars'));
 
-                return iterator_count($iter);
+                    return iterator_count($iter);
+                });
             });
 
         Prometheus::addGauge('active_statuses_count')
             ->helpText('How many trips are en route?')
             ->value(function () {
-                return Trip::where('departure', '<', now())
-                    ->where('arrival', '>', now())
-                    ->count();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_active_statuses_count', PROM_CACHE_TTL_SHORT, function () {
+                    return Trip::where('departure', '<', now())
+                        ->where('arrival', '>', now())
+                        ->count();
+                });
             });
-
     }
 
     public function queueMetrics(): void
     {
-
         Prometheus::addGauge('queue_size')
             ->helpText('How many items are currently in the job queue?')
             ->labels(['queue'])
@@ -214,19 +228,23 @@ public function queueMetrics(): void
             ->helpText('How many jobs have failed?')
             ->labels(['job_name', 'queue'])
             ->value(function () {
-                return $this->getJobsByDisplayName('failed_jobs');
+                return Cache::remember('prom_failed_jobs_count', PROM_CACHE_TTL_SHORT, function () {
+                    return $this->getJobsByDisplayName('failed_jobs');
+                });
             });
 
         Prometheus::addGauge('completed_jobs_count')
             ->helpText('How many jobs are done? Old items from queue monitor table are deleted after 7 days.')
             ->labels(['job_name', 'status', 'queue'])
             ->value(function () {
-                return DB::table('queue_monitor')
-                    ->groupBy('name', 'status', 'queue')
-                    ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, name, status, queue')
-                    ->get()
-                    ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->name, MonitorStatus::toNamedArray()[$item->status], $item->queue]])
-                    ->toArray();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_completed_jobs_count', PROM_CACHE_TTL_SHORT, function () {
+                    return DB::table('queue_monitor')
+                        ->groupBy('name', 'status', 'queue')
+                        ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, name, status, queue')
+                        ->get()
+                        ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->name, MonitorStatus::toNamedArray()[$item->status], $item->queue]])
+                        ->toArray();
+                });
             });
     }
 
@@ -286,47 +304,55 @@ public function oAuthMetrics(): void
             ->helpText('How many total (revoked and accredited) access tokens do the clients have?')
             ->labels(['app_name'])
             ->value(function () {
-                return DB::table('oauth_access_tokens')
-                    ->join('oauth_clients', 'oauth_access_tokens.client_id', '=', 'oauth_clients.id')
-                    ->groupBy('oauth_clients.name')
-                    ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, oauth_clients.name AS name')
-                    ->orderBy('total', 'desc')
-                    ->limit(20)
-                    ->get()
-                    ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->name]])
-                    ->toArray();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_oauth_total_tokens', PROM_CACHE_TTL, function () {
+                    return DB::table('oauth_access_tokens')
+                        ->join('oauth_clients', 'oauth_access_tokens.client_id', '=', 'oauth_clients.id')
+                        ->groupBy('oauth_clients.name')
+                        ->selectRaw('count(*) AS total, oauth_clients.name AS name')
+                        ->orderBy('total', 'desc')
+                        ->limit(20)
+                        ->get()
+                        ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->name]])
+                        ->toArray();
+                });
             });
+
         Prometheus::addGauge('oauth_users')
             ->helpText('How many access tokens do the clients have?')
             ->labels(['app_name'])
             ->value(function () {
-                return DB::table('oauth_access_tokens')
-                    ->join('oauth_clients', 'oauth_access_tokens.client_id', '=', 'oauth_clients.id')
-                    ->groupBy('oauth_clients.name')
-                    ->selectRaw('count(distinct oauth_access_tokens.user_id) AS total, oauth_clients.name AS name')
-                    ->where('oauth_access_tokens.revoked', '=', 0)
-                    ->whereNull('oauth_access_tokens.expires_at')
-                    ->orderBy('total', 'desc')
-                    ->limit(20)
-                    ->get()
-                    ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->name]])
-                    ->toArray();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_oauth_users', PROM_CACHE_TTL, function () {
+                    return DB::table('oauth_access_tokens')
+                        ->join('oauth_clients', 'oauth_access_tokens.client_id', '=', 'oauth_clients.id')
+                        ->groupBy('oauth_clients.name')
+                        ->selectRaw('count(distinct oauth_access_tokens.user_id) AS total, oauth_clients.name AS name')
+                        ->where('oauth_access_tokens.revoked', '=', 0)
+                        ->whereNull('oauth_access_tokens.expires_at')
+                        ->orderBy('total', 'desc')
+                        ->limit(20)
+                        ->get()
+                        ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->name]])
+                        ->toArray();
+                });
             });
+
         Prometheus::addGauge('oauth_revoked_tokens')
             ->helpText('How many revoked access tokens do the clients have?')
             ->labels(['app_name'])
             ->value(function () {
-                return DB::table('oauth_access_tokens')
-                    ->join('oauth_clients', 'oauth_access_tokens.client_id', '=', 'oauth_clients.id')
-                    ->groupBy('oauth_clients.name')
-                    ->selectRaw('count(distinct oauth_access_tokens.user_id) AS total, oauth_clients.name AS name')
-                    ->where('oauth_access_tokens.revoked', '!=', 0)
-                    ->whereNotNull('oauth_access_tokens.expires_at', 'or')
-                    ->orderBy('total', 'desc')
-                    ->limit(20)
-                    ->get()
-                    ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->name]])
-                    ->toArray();
+                return Cache::remember('prom_oauth_revoked_tokens', PROM_CACHE_TTL, function () {
+                    return DB::table('oauth_access_tokens')
+                        ->join('oauth_clients', 'oauth_access_tokens.client_id', '=', 'oauth_clients.id')
+                        ->groupBy('oauth_clients.name')
+                        ->selectRaw('count(distinct oauth_access_tokens.user_id) AS total, oauth_clients.name AS name')
+                        ->where('oauth_access_tokens.revoked', '!=', 0)
+                        ->whereNotNull('oauth_access_tokens.expires_at', 'or')
+                        ->orderBy('total', 'desc')
+                        ->limit(20)
+                        ->get()
+                        ->map(fn ($item) => [$item->total, [$item->name]])
+                        ->toArray();
+                });
             });
     }
 }
diff --git a/...base/migrations/2026_03_15_000000_add_source_arrival_departure_indexes_to_hafas_trips.php b/...base/migrations/2026_03_15_000000_add_source_arrival_departure_indexes_to_hafas_trips.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class() extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('hafas_trips', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+            // Fixes Trip::groupBy('source'). Previously: full table scan + tmp table + filesort on 5.5M rows
+            $table->index('source', 'hafas_trips_source_index');
+
+            // Fixes active_statuses_count. Previously: full table scan on 5.5M rows
+            // arrival first: arrival > NOW() selects only ~36 rows (very selective)
+            $table->index(['arrival', 'departure'], 'hafas_trips_arrival_departure_index');
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('hafas_trips', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+            $table->dropIndex('hafas_trips_source_index');
+            $table->dropIndex('hafas_trips_arrival_departure_index');
+        });
+    }
+};
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_03_15_000001_add_client_id_index_to_oauth_access_tokens.php b/database/migrations/2026_03_15_000001_add_client_id_index_to_oauth_access_tokens.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class() extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('oauth_access_tokens', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+            // Fixes three Prometheus OAuth queries. Previously: full table scan + tmp table + filesort on 587K rows
+            $table->index('client_id', 'oauth_access_tokens_client_id_index');
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('oauth_access_tokens', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+            $table->dropIndex('oauth_access_tokens_client_id_index');
+        });
+    }
+};
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Providers/PrometheusServiceProviderTest.php b/tests/Unit/Providers/PrometheusServiceProviderTest.php
@@ -4,41 +4,50 @@
 
 use App\Providers\PrometheusServiceProvider;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
-use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 
-use function PHPUnit\Framework\assertEquals;
+use function PHPUnit\Framework\assertEqualsCanonicalizing;
 
 use Tests\ApiTestCase;
 
 class PrometheusServiceProviderTest extends ApiTestCase
 {
     use RefreshDatabase;
 
-    const TABLENAME = 'jobs';
+    private const TABLENAME = 'jobs';
 
-    public function test_get_jobs_by_display_name()
+    private function insertJob(string $queue, string $displayName): void
     {
-        // GIVEN
-        DB::shouldReceive('table')
-            ->with(self::TABLENAME)
-            ->once()
-            ->andReturnSelf();
-
-        DB::shouldReceive('get')
-            ->with(['queue', 'payload'])
-            ->andReturn(
-                Collection::make(
-                    array_merge([
-                        ...array_fill(0, 4, (object) ['queue' => 'default', 'payload' => json_encode(['displayName' => 'JobA'])]),
-                        ...array_fill(0, 7, (object) ['queue' => 'webhook', 'payload' => json_encode(['displayName' => 'JobB'])]),
-                        ...array_fill(0, 2, (object) ['queue' => 'default', 'payload' => json_encode(['displayName' => 'JobC'])]),
-                        ...array_fill(0, 5, (object) ['queue' => 'webhook', 'payload' => json_encode(['displayName' => 'JobC'])]),
-                    ])));
+        DB::table(self::TABLENAME)->insert([
+            'queue' => $queue,
+            'payload' => json_encode(['displayName' => $displayName]),
+            'attempts' => 0,
+            'available_at' => now()->timestamp,
+            'created_at' => now()->timestamp,
+        ]);
+    }
 
+    public function test_get_jobs_by_display_name(): void
+    {
+        // GIVEN: insert real rows so SQL JSON extraction can be tested end-to-end
+        foreach (range(1, 4) as $_) {
+            $this->insertJob('default', 'JobA');
+        }
+        foreach (range(1, 7) as $_) {
+            $this->insertJob('webhook', 'JobB');
+        }
+        foreach (range(1, 2) as $_) {
+            $this->insertJob('default', 'JobC');
+        }
+        foreach (range(1, 5) as $_) {
+            $this->insertJob('webhook', 'JobC');
+        }
+
+        // WHEN
         $actual = PrometheusServiceProvider::getJobsByDisplayName(self::TABLENAME);
 
-        assertEquals([
+        // THEN: order is not guaranteed by GROUP BY, so use canonical comparison
+        assertEqualsCanonicalizing([
             [4, ['JobA', 'default']],
             [7, ['JobB', 'webhook']],
             [2, ['JobC', 'default']],