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| 1 | +// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements. |
| 2 | +// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license. |
| 3 | +// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information. |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +using System.Diagnostics; |
| 6 | +using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; |
| 7 | + |
| 8 | +namespace System.Collections.Generic |
| 9 | +{ |
| 10 | + /// <summary> |
| 11 | + /// Represents a position within a <see cref="LargeArrayBuilder{T}"/>. |
| 12 | + /// </summary> |
| 13 | + [DebuggerDisplay("{DebuggerDisplay,nq}")] |
| 14 | + internal struct CopyPosition |
| 15 | + { |
| 16 | + /// <summary> |
| 17 | + /// Constructs a new <see cref="CopyPosition"/>. |
| 18 | + /// </summary> |
| 19 | + /// <param name="row">The index of the buffer to select.</param> |
| 20 | + /// <param name="column">The index within the buffer to select.</param> |
| 21 | + internal CopyPosition(int row, int column) |
| 22 | + { |
| 23 | + Debug.Assert(row >= 0); |
| 24 | + Debug.Assert(column >= 0); |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | + Row = row; |
| 27 | + Column = column; |
| 28 | + } |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | + /// <summary> |
| 31 | + /// Represents a position at the start of a <see cref="LargeArrayBuilder{T}"/>. |
| 32 | + /// </summary> |
| 33 | + public static CopyPosition Start => default(CopyPosition); |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | + /// <summary> |
| 36 | + /// The index of the buffer to select. |
| 37 | + /// </summary> |
| 38 | + internal int Row { get; } |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | + /// <summary> |
| 41 | + /// The index within the buffer to select. |
| 42 | + /// </summary> |
| 43 | + internal int Column { get; } |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | + /// <summary> |
| 46 | + /// If this position is at the end of the current buffer, returns the position |
| 47 | + /// at the start of the next buffer. Otherwise, returns this position. |
| 48 | + /// </summary> |
| 49 | + /// <param name="endColumn">The length of the current buffer.</param> |
| 50 | + public CopyPosition Normalize(int endColumn) |
| 51 | + { |
| 52 | + Debug.Assert(Column <= endColumn); |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | + return Column == endColumn ? |
| 55 | + new CopyPosition(Row + 1, 0) : |
| 56 | + this; |
| 57 | + } |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | + /// <summary> |
| 60 | + /// Gets a string suitable for display in the debugger. |
| 61 | + /// </summary> |
| 62 | + private string DebuggerDisplay => $"[{Row}, {Column}]"; |
| 63 | + } |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | + /// <summary> |
| 66 | + /// Helper type for building dynamically-sized arrays while minimizing allocations and copying. |
| 67 | + /// </summary> |
| 68 | + /// <typeparam name="T">The element type.</typeparam> |
| 69 | + internal struct LargeArrayBuilder<T> |
| 70 | + { |
| 71 | + private const int StartingCapacity = 4; |
| 72 | + private const int ResizeLimit = 8; |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | + private readonly int _maxCapacity; // The maximum capacity this builder can have. |
| 75 | + private T[] _first; // The first buffer we store items in. Resized until ResizeLimit. |
| 76 | + private ArrayBuilder<T[]> _buffers; // After ResizeLimit * 2, we store previous buffers we've filled out here. |
| 77 | + private T[] _current; // Current buffer we're reading into. If _count <= ResizeLimit, this is _first. |
| 78 | + private int _index; // Index into the current buffer. |
| 79 | + private int _count; // Count of all of the items in this builder. |
| 80 | + |
| 81 | + /// <summary> |
| 82 | + /// Constructs a new builder. |
| 83 | + /// </summary> |
| 84 | + /// <param name="initialize">Pass <c>true</c>.</param> |
| 85 | + public LargeArrayBuilder(bool initialize) |
| 86 | + : this(maxCapacity: int.MaxValue) |
| 87 | + { |
| 88 | + // This is a workaround for C# not having parameterless struct constructors yet. |
| 89 | + // Once it gets them, replace this with a parameterless constructor. |
| 90 | + Debug.Assert(initialize); |
| 91 | + } |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | + /// <summary> |
| 94 | + /// Constructs a new builder with the specified maximum capacity. |
| 95 | + /// </summary> |
| 96 | + /// <param name="maxCapacity">The maximum capacity this builder can have.</param> |
| 97 | + /// <remarks> |
| 98 | + /// Do not add more than <paramref name="maxCapacity"/> items to this builder. |
| 99 | + /// </remarks> |
| 100 | + public LargeArrayBuilder(int maxCapacity) |
| 101 | + : this() |
| 102 | + { |
| 103 | + Debug.Assert(maxCapacity >= 0); |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | + _first = _current = Array.Empty<T>(); |
| 106 | + _maxCapacity = maxCapacity; |
| 107 | + } |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | + /// <summary> |
| 110 | + /// Gets the number of items added to the builder. |
| 111 | + /// </summary> |
| 112 | + public int Count => _count; |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | + /// <summary> |
| 115 | + /// Adds an item to this builder. |
| 116 | + /// </summary> |
| 117 | + /// <param name="item">The item to add.</param> |
| 118 | + /// <remarks> |
| 119 | + /// Use <see cref="Add"/> if adding to the builder is a bottleneck for your use case. |
| 120 | + /// Otherwise, use <see cref="SlowAdd"/>. |
| 121 | + /// </remarks> |
| 122 | + [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] |
| 123 | + public void Add(T item) |
| 124 | + { |
| 125 | + Debug.Assert(_maxCapacity > _count); |
| 126 | + |
| 127 | + if (_index == _current.Length) |
| 128 | + { |
| 129 | + AllocateBuffer(); |
| 130 | + } |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | + _current[_index++] = item; |
| 133 | + _count++; |
| 134 | + } |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | + /// <summary> |
| 137 | + /// Adds a range of items to this builder. |
| 138 | + /// </summary> |
| 139 | + /// <param name="items">The sequence to add.</param> |
| 140 | + /// <remarks> |
| 141 | + /// It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that adding <paramref name="items"/> |
| 142 | + /// does not cause the builder to exceed its maximum capacity. |
| 143 | + /// </remarks> |
| 144 | + public void AddRange(IEnumerable<T> items) |
| 145 | + { |
| 146 | + Debug.Assert(items != null); |
| 147 | + |
| 148 | + using (IEnumerator<T> enumerator = items.GetEnumerator()) |
| 149 | + { |
| 150 | + T[] destination = _current; |
| 151 | + int index = _index; |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | + // Continuously read in items from the enumerator, updating _count |
| 154 | + // and _index when we run out of space. |
| 155 | + |
| 156 | + while (enumerator.MoveNext()) |
| 157 | + { |
| 158 | + if (index == destination.Length) |
| 159 | + { |
| 160 | + // No more space in this buffer. Resize. |
| 161 | + _count += index - _index; |
| 162 | + _index = index; |
| 163 | + AllocateBuffer(); |
| 164 | + destination = _current; |
| 165 | + index = _index; // May have been reset to 0 |
| 166 | + } |
| 167 | + |
| 168 | + destination[index++] = enumerator.Current; |
| 169 | + } |
| 170 | + |
| 171 | + // Final update to _count and _index. |
| 172 | + _count += index - _index; |
| 173 | + _index = index; |
| 174 | + } |
| 175 | + } |
| 176 | + |
| 177 | + /// <summary> |
| 178 | + /// Copies the contents of this builder to the specified array. |
| 179 | + /// </summary> |
| 180 | + /// <param name="array">The destination array.</param> |
| 181 | + /// <param name="arrayIndex">The index in <see cref="array"/> to start copying to.</param> |
| 182 | + /// <param name="count">The number of items to copy.</param> |
| 183 | + public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex, int count) |
| 184 | + { |
| 185 | + Debug.Assert(arrayIndex >= 0); |
| 186 | + Debug.Assert(count >= 0 && count <= Count); |
| 187 | + Debug.Assert(array?.Length - arrayIndex >= count); |
| 188 | + |
| 189 | + for (int i = 0; count > 0; i++) |
| 190 | + { |
| 191 | + // Find the buffer we're copying from. |
| 192 | + T[] buffer = GetBuffer(index: i); |
| 193 | + |
| 194 | + // Copy until we satisfy count, or we reach the end of the buffer. |
| 195 | + int toCopy = Math.Min(count, buffer.Length); |
| 196 | + Array.Copy(buffer, 0, array, arrayIndex, toCopy); |
| 197 | + |
| 198 | + // Increment variables to that position. |
| 199 | + count -= toCopy; |
| 200 | + arrayIndex += toCopy; |
| 201 | + } |
| 202 | + } |
| 203 | + |
| 204 | + /// <summary> |
| 205 | + /// Copies the contents of this builder to the specified array. |
| 206 | + /// </summary> |
| 207 | + /// <param name="position">The position in this builder to start copying from.</param> |
| 208 | + /// <param name="array">The destination array.</param> |
| 209 | + /// <param name="arrayIndex">The index in <see cref="array"/> to start copying to.</param> |
| 210 | + /// <param name="count">The number of items to copy.</param> |
| 211 | + /// <returns>The position in this builder that was copied up to.</returns> |
| 212 | + public CopyPosition CopyTo(CopyPosition position, T[] array, int arrayIndex, int count) |
| 213 | + { |
| 214 | + Debug.Assert(array != null); |
| 215 | + Debug.Assert(arrayIndex >= 0); |
| 216 | + Debug.Assert(count > 0 && count <= Count); |
| 217 | + Debug.Assert(array.Length - arrayIndex >= count); |
| 218 | + |
| 219 | + // Go through each buffer, which contains one 'row' of items. |
| 220 | + // The index in each buffer is referred to as the 'column'. |
| 221 | + |
| 222 | + /* |
| 223 | + * Visual representation: |
| 224 | + * |
| 225 | + * C0 C1 C2 .. C31 .. C63 |
| 226 | + * R0: [0] [1] [2] .. [31] |
| 227 | + * R1: [32] [33] [34] .. [63] |
| 228 | + * R2: [64] [65] [66] .. [95] .. [127] |
| 229 | + */ |
| 230 | + |
| 231 | + int row = position.Row; |
| 232 | + int column = position.Column; |
| 233 | + |
| 234 | + T[] buffer = GetBuffer(row); |
| 235 | + int copied = |
| 236 | +#if __MonoCS__ |
| 237 | + CopyToCore(buffer, column, array, arrayIndex, count); |
| 238 | +#else |
| 239 | + CopyToCore(buffer, column); |
| 240 | +#endif |
| 241 | + |
| 242 | + if (count == 0) |
| 243 | + { |
| 244 | + return new CopyPosition(row, column + copied).Normalize(buffer.Length); |
| 245 | + } |
| 246 | + |
| 247 | + do |
| 248 | + { |
| 249 | + buffer = GetBuffer(++row); |
| 250 | + copied = |
| 251 | +#if __MonoCS__ |
| 252 | + CopyToCore(buffer, 0, array, arrayIndex, count); |
| 253 | +#else |
| 254 | + CopyToCore(buffer, 0); |
| 255 | +#endif |
| 256 | + } while (count > 0); |
| 257 | + |
| 258 | + return new CopyPosition(row, copied).Normalize(buffer.Length); |
| 259 | + |
| 260 | +#if __MonoCS__ |
| 261 | + } |
| 262 | + |
| 263 | + static int CopyToCore(T[] sourceBuffer, int sourceIndex, T[] array, int arrayIndex, int count) |
| 264 | +#else |
| 265 | + int CopyToCore(T[] sourceBuffer, int sourceIndex) |
| 266 | +#endif |
| 267 | + { |
| 268 | + Debug.Assert(sourceBuffer.Length > sourceIndex); |
| 269 | + |
| 270 | + // Copy until we satisfy `count` or reach the end of the current buffer. |
| 271 | + int copyCount = Math.Min(sourceBuffer.Length - sourceIndex, count); |
| 272 | + Array.Copy(sourceBuffer, sourceIndex, array, arrayIndex, copyCount); |
| 273 | + |
| 274 | + arrayIndex += copyCount; |
| 275 | + count -= copyCount; |
| 276 | + |
| 277 | + return copyCount; |
| 278 | + } |
| 279 | + |
| 280 | +#if !__MonoCS__ |
| 281 | + } |
| 282 | +#endif |
| 283 | + |
| 284 | + /// <summary> |
| 285 | + /// Retrieves the buffer at the specified index. |
| 286 | + /// </summary> |
| 287 | + /// <param name="index">The index of the buffer.</param> |
| 288 | + public T[] GetBuffer(int index) |
| 289 | + { |
| 290 | + Debug.Assert(index >= 0 && index < _buffers.Count + 2); |
| 291 | + |
| 292 | + return index == 0 ? _first : |
| 293 | + index <= _buffers.Count ? _buffers[index - 1] : |
| 294 | + _current; |
| 295 | + } |
| 296 | + |
| 297 | + /// <summary> |
| 298 | + /// Adds an item to this builder. |
| 299 | + /// </summary> |
| 300 | + /// <param name="item">The item to add.</param> |
| 301 | + /// <remarks> |
| 302 | + /// Use <see cref="Add"/> if adding to the builder is a bottleneck for your use case. |
| 303 | + /// Otherwise, use <see cref="SlowAdd"/>. |
| 304 | + /// </remarks> |
| 305 | + [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] |
| 306 | + public void SlowAdd(T item) => Add(item); |
| 307 | + |
| 308 | + /// <summary> |
| 309 | + /// Creates an array from the contents of this builder. |
| 310 | + /// </summary> |
| 311 | + public T[] ToArray() |
| 312 | + { |
| 313 | + if (TryMove(out T[] array)) |
| 314 | + { |
| 315 | + // No resizing to do. |
| 316 | + return array; |
| 317 | + } |
| 318 | + |
| 319 | + array = new T[_count]; |
| 320 | + CopyTo(array, 0, _count); |
| 321 | + return array; |
| 322 | + } |
| 323 | + |
| 324 | + /// <summary> |
| 325 | + /// Attempts to transfer this builder into an array without copying. |
| 326 | + /// </summary> |
| 327 | + /// <param name="array">The transferred array, if the operation succeeded.</param> |
| 328 | + /// <returns><c>true</c> if the operation succeeded; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns> |
| 329 | + public bool TryMove(out T[] array) |
| 330 | + { |
| 331 | + array = _first; |
| 332 | + return _count == _first.Length; |
| 333 | + } |
| 334 | + |
| 335 | + private void AllocateBuffer() |
| 336 | + { |
| 337 | + // - On the first few adds, simply resize _first. |
| 338 | + // - When we pass ResizeLimit, allocate ResizeLimit elements for _current |
| 339 | + // and start reading into _current. Set _index to 0. |
| 340 | + // - When _current runs out of space, add it to _buffers and repeat the |
| 341 | + // above step, except with _current.Length * 2. |
| 342 | + // - Make sure we never pass _maxCapacity in all of the above steps. |
| 343 | + |
| 344 | + Debug.Assert((uint)_maxCapacity > (uint)_count); |
| 345 | + Debug.Assert(_index == _current.Length, $"{nameof(AllocateBuffer)} was called, but there's more space."); |
| 346 | + |
| 347 | + // If _count is int.MinValue, we want to go down the other path which will raise an exception. |
| 348 | + if ((uint)_count < (uint)ResizeLimit) |
| 349 | + { |
| 350 | + // We haven't passed ResizeLimit. Resize _first, copying over the previous items. |
| 351 | + Debug.Assert(_current == _first && _count == _first.Length); |
| 352 | + |
| 353 | + int nextCapacity = Math.Min(_count == 0 ? StartingCapacity : _count * 2, _maxCapacity); |
| 354 | + |
| 355 | + _current = new T[nextCapacity]; |
| 356 | + Array.Copy(_first, 0, _current, 0, _count); |
| 357 | + _first = _current; |
| 358 | + } |
| 359 | + else |
| 360 | + { |
| 361 | + Debug.Assert(_maxCapacity > ResizeLimit); |
| 362 | + Debug.Assert(_count == ResizeLimit ^ _current != _first); |
| 363 | + |
| 364 | + int nextCapacity; |
| 365 | + if (_count == ResizeLimit) |
| 366 | + { |
| 367 | + nextCapacity = ResizeLimit; |
| 368 | + } |
| 369 | + else |
| 370 | + { |
| 371 | + // Example scenario: Let's say _count == 64. |
| 372 | + // Then our buffers look like this: | 8 | 8 | 16 | 32 | |
| 373 | + // As you can see, our count will be just double the last buffer. |
| 374 | + // Now, say _maxCapacity is 100. We will find the right amount to allocate by |
| 375 | + // doing min(64, 100 - 64). The lhs represents double the last buffer, |
| 376 | + // the rhs the limit minus the amount we've already allocated. |
| 377 | + |
| 378 | + Debug.Assert(_count >= ResizeLimit * 2); |
| 379 | + Debug.Assert(_count == _current.Length * 2); |
| 380 | + |
| 381 | + _buffers.Add(_current); |
| 382 | + nextCapacity = Math.Min(_count, _maxCapacity - _count); |
| 383 | + } |
| 384 | + |
| 385 | + _current = new T[nextCapacity]; |
| 386 | + _index = 0; |
| 387 | + } |
| 388 | + } |
| 389 | + } |
| 390 | +} |
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