Add multi-language support

README.md

@@ -215,3 +215,13 @@ See [MDX troubleshooting](https://mdxjs.com/docs/troubleshooting-mdx/)
 <a href="https://github.com/danielcgilibert/blog-template/graphs/contributors">
   <img src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=danielcgilibert/blog-template" />
 </a>
+
+## Localisation
+
+https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/internationalization/
+
+https://docs.astro.build/en/recipes/i18n/#hide-default-language-in-the-url
+
+# Plausible
+
+https://plausible.io/blog/utm-tracking-tags

astro.config.mjs

@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@ export default defineConfig({
       wrap: true
     }
   },
+  i18n: {
+    defaultLocale: "en",
+    locales: ["de", "en"],
+    routing: {
+      prefixDefaultLocale: false
+  }
+  },
   integrations: [mdx({
     syntaxHighlight: 'shiki',
     shikiConfig: {

src/components/Header.astro

@@ -27,6 +27,19 @@ const SOCIALNETWORKS = [
 		icon: TwitterIcon
 	}
 ]
+
+// Language options
+const LANGUAGES = [
+	{ code: 'en', name: 'English' },
+	{ code: 'es', name: 'Español' }
+]
+
+function changeLanguage(event) {
+	const selectedLanguage = event.target.value
+	const currentPath = window.location.pathname
+	const newPath = `/${selectedLanguage}${currentPath}`
+	window.location.href = newPath
+}
 ---
 
 <header class='relative flex items-center h-12 font-semibold'>
@@ -67,6 +80,13 @@ const SOCIALNETWORKS = [
 			<Search />
 		</div>
 		<ToggleTheme />
+			<select onChange={changeLanguage} class='ml-4 p-2 border rounded'>
+				{
+					LANGUAGES.map((lang) => (
+						<option value={lang.code}>{lang.name}</option>
+					))
+				}
+			</select>
 		<button id='astro-header-drawer-button' type='button' class='md:ml-6 md:hidden'>
 			<MenuIcon />
 			<span class='sr-only'>Show Menu</span>

src/content/blog/Streamlit-Bereitstellungshandbuch-Teil-1-Containerisierung.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+---
+heroImage: /src/assets/images/Terraform.png
+category: IaC
+description: >-
+  A step-by-step guide for creating the Terraform code to manage the infrastructure needed to host your Streamlit application on Azure.
+pubDate: 2024-07-14
+draft: false
+tags:
+  - terraform
+  - azure
+  - iac
+title: >-
+  Streamlit Bereitstellungshandbuch Teil 1 Containerisierung
+language: de
+---
+
+When I needed to create a quick proof of concept (PoC) using [Streamlit](https://streamlit.io/), I faced two constraints:
+
+- Self-hosted instead of using [Streamlit Community Cloud](https://streamlit.io/cloud).
+- Control access to the deployed website.
+
+With this in mind, containerizing the application and hosting it on Azure was the best solution with my skillset. This post kicks off a series detailing the process, broken down into the following parts:
+
+- **Part 1**: Containerizing a Streamlit app. **You are here** 😊
+- **Part 2**: GitHub Workflow for Building and Publishing to ghcr.io
+- **Part 3**: Azure Infrastructure via Terraform
+- **Part 4**: GitHub Workflow for Terraform Apply & Destroy
+
+Do you want to deploy your Streamlit application on Azure right now? Use the [template repository](https://github.com/WayneGoosen/azure-streamlit-poc) �
+
+## TL;DR
+
+Read the [completed Dockerfile](#completed-dockerfile), execute commands to [build the image](#build-the-docker-image) and [run the container](#run-the-docker-container).
+
+## Streamlit Application Files
+
+Before proceeding with the steps, ensure the following Streamlit application files are available. You can find these files in the [app folder](https://github.com/WayneGoosen/azure-streamlit-poc/tree/main/app) of the GitHub repository.
+
+### .streamlit/config.toml
+
+```toml
+[client]
+showErrorDetails = false
+toolbarMode = "auto"
+showSidebarNavigation = true
+
+[theme]
+base = "dark"
+
+[logger]
+level = "debug"
+messageFormat = "%(asctime)s %(message)s"
+
+[server]
+port = 80
+
+[browser]
+gatherUsageStats = false
+```
+
+### app.py
+
+```python
+import os
+import streamlit as st
+
+st.title("Streamlit on Azure �")
+st.header('Running on a Web App in a Container �', divider='rainbow')
+```
+
+### requirements.txt
+
+```
+streamlit
+```
+
+## Create a Dockerfile
+
+**Note:** Docker is a prerequisite, read the [install documentation](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) for more details.
+
+### Completed Dockerfile
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM python:3.9-slim
+
+LABEL maintainer="Wayne Goosen" \
+      version="1.0.0" \
+      description="Streamlit template for Docker. Uses app.py as the main file."
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+
+RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
+
+COPY .streamlit/config.toml .streamlit/
+COPY app.py .
+
+RUN groupadd -g 1005 appgroup && \
+    useradd -u 1005 -g appgroup appuser && \
+    chown -R appuser:appgroup /app
+
+EXPOSE 80
+
+USER appuser
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["streamlit", "run"]
+CMD ["app.py"]
+```
+
+### Dockerfile Walkthrough
+
+#### Specify Base Image
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM python:3.9-slim
+```
+
+- Uses a slim version of Python 3.9 as the base image, ensuring a minimal and efficient environment.
+
+#### Add Metadata Labels
+
+```dockerfile
+LABEL maintainer="Wayne Goosen" \
+      version="1.0.0" \
+      description="Streamlit template for Docker. Uses app.py as the main file."
+```
+
+- Provides metadata about the Docker image, including the maintainer, version, and description.
+
+#### Set Working Directory
+
+```dockerfile
+WORKDIR /app
+```
+
+- Sets the working directory inside the container to `/app`.
+- Note: Streamlit version 1.10.0 and higher, Streamlit apps cannot be run from the root directory of Linux distributions.
+
+#### Update Package List
+
+```dockerfile
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+```
+
+- Updates the package list for the APT package manager and then removes the cached package lists to reduce image size.
+
+#### Copy Requirements File
+
+```dockerfile
+COPY requirements.txt .
+```
+
+- Copies `requirements.txt` from the host machine to the current working directory in the container (`/app`).
+
+#### Install Python Dependencies
+
+```dockerfile
+RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+- Installs the Python dependencies listed in `requirements.txt` using `pip`.
+
+#### Copy Configuration and Application Files
+
+```dockerfile
+COPY .streamlit/config.toml .streamlit/
+COPY app.py .
+```
+
+- Copies the Streamlit configuration file and the main application file (`app.py`) into the container. Separated to support caching.
+
+#### Create Dedicated Application User and Group
+
+```dockerfile
+RUN groupadd -g 1005 appgroup && \
+    useradd -u 1005 -g appgroup appuser && \
+    chown -R appuser:appgroup /app
+```
+
+- Creates a new group `appgroup` with GID 1005.
+- Creates a new user `appuser` with UID 1005 and adds it to `appgroup`.
+- Changes the ownership of the `/app` directory to `appuser:appgroup`.
+
+#### Expose Port
+
+```dockerfile
+EXPOSE 80
+```
+
+- Informs Docker that the container will listen on port 80 at runtime.
+
+#### Switch to Non-Root User
+
+    ```dockerfile
+    USER appuser
+    ```
+    - Switches to the newly created `appuser` to run the application, enhancing security.
+
+#### Set Entry Point and Command
+
+    ```dockerfile
+    ENTRYPOINT ["streamlit", "run"]
+    CMD ["app.py"]
+    ```
+    - Sets the entry point (command that runs when a container starts) to `streamlit run`, and the default command to `app.py`, which runs the Streamlit application. This approach allows you to run the container with your custom parameters to `streamlit run`
+
+## Build the Docker Image
+
+To build the Docker image, navigate to the directory containing the Dockerfile and run the following command:
+
+```bash
+docker build -t streamlit-app .
+```
+
+The -t flag is used to tag the image. Here, we have tagged the image streamlit-app. If you run:
+
+```bash
+docker images
+```
+
+You should see a streamlit-app image under the REPOSITORY column. For example:
+
+| REPOSITORY    | TAG    | IMAGE ID     | CREATED            | SIZE  |
+| ------------- | ------ | ------------ | ------------------ | ----- |
+| streamlit-app | latest | 70b0759a094d | About a minute ago | 628MB |
+
+## Run the Docker Container
+
+To run the Docker container, use the following command:
+
+```bash
+docker run -p 8501:80 streamlit-app:latest
+```
+
+To view your app, browse to http://0.0.0.0:8501 or http://localhost:8501
+
+## Streamlit Configuration
+
+In order to provide Streamlit configuration, there are two approaches:
+
+- config.toml file ([What is TOML?](https://toml.io/))
+- command line parameters
+
+In this example it uses the config.toml and you can find more configuration options in the [documentation](https://docs.streamlit.io/develop/api-reference/configuration/config.toml). Below I will showcase an example setting the port below using both approaches.
+
+### Config.toml
+
+```toml
+[server]
+port = 80
+```
+
+### Parameters
+
+```bash
+streamlit run app.py --server.port=80
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [Deploy streamlit using Docker - Official Streamlit documentation on how to deploy using Docker.](https://docs.streamlit.io/deploy/tutorials/docker)

src/content/blog/azure-federated-identity-credentials-terraform-github-actions-guide.mdx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ tags:
   - Terraform
   - GitHub Actions
   - OIDC
+language: 'en'
 ---
 
 I recently needed to transition from authenticating via Service Principal with a client secret to using OpenID Connect for Terraform actions within a few GitHub Actions workflows. This post is to showcase what I needed to change as there was not a single source of this information to perform this update.

src/content/blog/pass-azure-devops-pipeline-parameters-variables-terraform.mdx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ tags:
   - azuredevops
 title: >-
   Using Azure Pipeline Parameters & Variables in Terraform
+language: en
 ---
 
 import { Image } from 'astro:assets'

src/content/blog/platform-engineering-transition-docker-compose-to-score-specification.mdx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ tags:
   - dockercompose
 title: >-
   From Docker Compose to Score: A Platform Engineering Guide
+language: en
 ---
 
 Welcome! You’ve probably seen Platform Engineering everywhere, along with terms like Internal Developer Platform (IDP), Internal Developer Portal, and the shift towards graph-based backends instead of traditional pipelines. It feels like discovering design patterns for the first time or hearing about a new frontend framework—you’re eager to dive in. But where should you begin?

src/content/blog/streamlit-deployment-guide-part-1-containerization.mdx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ tags:
   - streamlit
   - containers
 title: 'Streamlit Deployment Guide Part 1: Containerization'
+language: 'en'
 ---
 
 When I needed to create a quick proof of concept (PoC) using [Streamlit](https://streamlit.io/), I faced two constraints:
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ With this in mind, containerizing the application and hosting it on Azure was th
 - **Part 3**: Azure Infrastructure via Terraform
 - **Part 4**: GitHub Workflow for Terraform Apply & Destroy
 
-Do you want to deploy your Streamlit application on Azure right now? Use the [template repository](https://github.com/WayneGoosen/azure-streamlit-poc) 🚀
+Do you want to deploy your Streamlit application on Azure right now? Use the [template repository](https://github.com/WayneGoosen/azure-streamlit-poc) �
 
 ## TL;DR
 
@@ -60,8 +61,8 @@ gatherUsageStats = false
 import os
 import streamlit as st
 
-st.title("Streamlit on Azure 👋")
-st.header('Running on a Web App in a Container 🐳', divider='rainbow')
+st.title("Streamlit on Azure �")
+st.header('Running on a Web App in a Container �', divider='rainbow')
 ```
 
 ### requirements.txt

src/content/blog/streamlit-deployment-guide-part-2-gitHub-workflow.mdx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ tags:
   - docker
 title: >-
   Streamlit Deployment Guide Part 2: GitHub Actions & ghcr.io
+language: en
 ---
 
 This showcases a GitHub Workflow walkthrough of building and publishing a Docker image to GitHub Container Registry. It continues a series detailing the process of deploying Streamlit app to Azure, broken down into the following parts:
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ This showcases a GitHub Workflow walkthrough of building and publishing a Docker
 - **Part 3**: Azure Infrastructure via Terraform
 - **Part 4**: GitHub Workflow for Terraform Apply & Destroy
 
-Do you want to deploy your Streamlit application on Azure right now? Use the [template repository](https://github.com/WayneGoosen/azure-streamlit-poc) 🚀
+Do you want to deploy your Streamlit application on Azure right now? Use the [template repository](https://github.com/WayneGoosen/azure-streamlit-poc) �
 
 ## TL;DR