[#9530] feat(client): Add Java client support for UDF operations

[mchades]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR adds Java client support for UDF (User-Defined Function) operations, including:

1. FunctionCatalog interface implementation in BaseSchemaCatalog: All catalog types now support function operations
2. Client-side DTOs: Added FunctionDTO, FunctionParamDTO, FunctionDefinitionDTO, and FunctionImplDTO with subclasses for different implementation types (Java, Python, External)
3. REST API client integration: Implemented REST client methods for:
   • registerFunction: Register a new function
   • getFunction: Get function by name (with optional version)
   • listFunctions: List all functions in a schema
   • dropFunction: Drop a function
   • alterFunction: Alter function with various changes (add/remove definition, add/update/remove impl, set/remove properties)
4. Integration tests: Added comprehensive FunctionIT test class covering all function operations

Why are the changes needed?

This is part of the UDF feature implementation for Apache Gravitino. The Java client needs to support function operations so that users can programmatically manage UDFs through the Gravitino client library.

Fix: #9530

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes, this PR introduces new user-facing APIs:

• FunctionCatalog interface with methods: registerFunction, getFunction, listFunctions, dropFunction, alterFunction
• All catalog types (Relational, Fileset, Messaging, Model) now implement FunctionCatalog

How was this patch tested?

1. Added comprehensive integration tests in FunctionIT.java covering:
   • Register and get functions with different types (scalar, table, aggregate)
   • Register functions with multiple definitions and implementations (Java, Python, External)
   • Alter function operations (add/remove definition, add/update/remove impl)
   • Error cases (function not found, schema not found, function already exists, definition conflicts)
   • Drop function operations
   • List functions operations

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR implements comprehensive Java client support for User-Defined Function (UDF) operations in Apache Gravitino, enabling programmatic management of functions through the client library. The implementation includes REST API integration, DTOs for function metadata, core function operations, and database schema support for function persistence.

Key Changes:

• Added function operations support to all catalog types through FunctionCatalog interface
• Implemented REST endpoints for CRUD operations on functions
• Created database schema and migration scripts for function metadata storage
• Added comprehensive test coverage for function operations

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 82 out of 82 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
server/src/test/java/org/apache/gravitino/server/web/rest/TestFunctionOperations.java	Comprehensive REST API tests for function operations
server/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/server/web/rest/FunctionOperations.java	REST endpoints implementation for function management
server/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/server/web/rest/ExceptionHandlers.java	Added exception handling for function operations
scripts/postgresql/upgrade-1.1.0-to-1.2.0-postgresql.sql	PostgreSQL schema upgrade script for function tables
scripts/mysql/upgrade-1.1.0-to-1.2.0-mysql.sql	MySQL schema upgrade script for function tables
core/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/storage/relational/service/FunctionMetaService.java	Service layer for function metadata persistence operations
core/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/meta/FunctionEntity.java	Entity class representing function metadata
core/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/catalog/FunctionDispatcher.java	Dispatcher interface for function operations
common/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/config/ConfigConstants.java	Updated script version to 1.2.0 for schema migrations

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (14)

scripts/postgresql/upgrade-1.1.0-to-1.2.0-postgresql.sql:1

• Corrected formatting error in SQL comment. Line 3 has an extra '--' at the end that should be removed to maintain consistent comment formatting throughout the file.
  scripts/postgresql/upgrade-1.1.0-to-1.2.0-postgresql.sql:1
• Corrected parenthesis format in license text. The closing parenthesis should not have a period before it to match the Apache license header format.
  scripts/postgresql/schema-1.2.0-postgresql.sql:1
• Corrected formatting error in SQL comment. Line 3 has an extra '--' at the end that should be removed to maintain consistent comment formatting throughout the file.
  scripts/postgresql/schema-1.2.0-postgresql.sql:1
• Corrected parenthesis format in license text. The closing parenthesis should not have a period before it to match the Apache license header format.
  scripts/mysql/upgrade-1.1.0-to-1.2.0-mysql.sql:1
• Corrected formatting error in SQL comment. Line 3 has an extra '--' at the end that should be removed to maintain consistent comment formatting throughout the file.
  scripts/mysql/upgrade-1.1.0-to-1.2.0-mysql.sql:1
• Corrected parenthesis format in license text. The closing parenthesis should not have a period before it to match the Apache license header format.
  scripts/mysql/schema-1.2.0-mysql.sql:1
• Corrected formatting error in SQL comment. Line 3 has an extra '--' at the end that should be removed to maintain consistent comment formatting throughout the file.
  scripts/mysql/schema-1.2.0-mysql.sql:1
• Corrected parenthesis format in license text. The closing parenthesis should not have a period before it to match the Apache license header format.
  scripts/h2/upgrade-1.1.0-to-1.2.0-h2.sql:1
• Corrected formatting error in SQL comment. Line 3 has an extra '--' at the end that should be removed to maintain consistent comment formatting throughout the file.
  scripts/h2/upgrade-1.1.0-to-1.2.0-h2.sql:1
• Corrected parenthesis format in license text. The closing parenthesis should not have a period before it to match the Apache license header format.
  scripts/h2/schema-1.2.0-h2.sql:1
• Corrected formatting error in SQL comment. Line 3 has an extra '--' at the end that should be removed to maintain consistent comment formatting throughout the file.
  scripts/h2/schema-1.2.0-h2.sql:1
• Corrected parenthesis format in license text. The closing parenthesis should not have a period before it to match the Apache license header format.
  core/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/storage/relational/po/FunctionVersionPO.java:1
• The private constructor lacks documentation explaining that it enforces the builder pattern usage. Consider adding a Javadoc comment explaining this design choice.
  core/src/main/java/org/apache/gravitino/storage/relational/po/FunctionPO.java:1
• The private constructor lacks documentation explaining that it enforces the builder pattern usage. Consider adding a Javadoc comment explaining this design choice.