feat: snapshot

src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ set(ICEBERG_SOURCES
     table_metadata.cc
     transform.cc
     transform_function.cc
-    type.cc)
+    type.cc
+    snapshot.cc)
 
 set(ICEBERG_STATIC_BUILD_INTERFACE_LIBS)
 set(ICEBERG_SHARED_BUILD_INTERFACE_LIBS)

src/iceberg/snapshot.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "iceberg/snapshot.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+SnapshotRefType SnapshotRef::type() const noexcept {
+  return std::visit(
+      [&](const auto& retention) -> SnapshotRefType {
+        using T = std::decay_t<decltype(retention)>;
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, Branch>) {
+          return SnapshotRefType::kBranch;
+        } else {
+          return SnapshotRefType::kTag;
+        }
+      },
+      retention);
+}
+
+std::optional<std::string_view> Snapshot::operation() const {
+  auto it = summary.find(SnapshotSummaryFields::kOperation);
+  if (it != summary.end()) {
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+bool Snapshot::Equals(const Snapshot& other) const {
+  if (this == &other) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return snapshot_id == other.snapshot_id &&
+         parent_snapshot_id == other.parent_snapshot_id &&
+         sequence_number == other.sequence_number && timestamp_ms == other.timestamp_ms &&
+         schema_id == other.schema_id;
+}
+
+}  // namespace iceberg

src/iceberg/snapshot.h

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <variant>
+
+#include "iceberg/iceberg_export.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief The type of snapshot reference
+enum class SnapshotRefType {
+  /// Branches are mutable named references that can be updated by committing a new
+  /// snapshot as the branch’s referenced snapshot using the Commit Conflict Resolution
+  /// and Retry procedures.
+  kBranch,
+  /// Tags are labels for individual snapshots
+  kTag,
+};
+
+/// \brief A reference to a snapshot, either a branch or a tag.
+struct ICEBERG_EXPORT SnapshotRef {
+  struct ICEBERG_EXPORT Branch {
+    /// A positive number for the minimum number of snapshots to keep in a branch while
+    /// expiring snapshots. Defaults to table property
+    /// history.expire.min-snapshots-to-keep.
+    std::optional<int32_t> min_snapshots_to_keep;
+    /// A positive number for the max age of snapshots to keep when
+    /// expiring, including the latest snapshot. Defaults to table property
+    /// history.expire.max-snapshot-age-ms.
+    std::optional<int64_t> max_snapshot_age_ms;
+    /// For snapshot references except the main branch, a positive number for the max age
+    /// of the snapshot reference to keep while expiring snapshots. Defaults to table
+    /// property history.expire.max-ref-age-ms. The main branch never expires.
+    std::optional<int64_t> max_ref_age_ms;
+  };
+
+  struct ICEBERG_EXPORT Tag {
+    /// For snapshot references except the main branch, a positive number for the max age
+    /// of the snapshot reference to keep while expiring snapshots. Defaults to table
+    /// property history.expire.max-ref-age-ms. The main branch never expires.
+    std::optional<int64_t> max_ref_age_ms;
+  };
+
+  /// A reference's snapshot ID. The tagged snapshot or latest snapshot of a branch.
+  int64_t snapshot_id;
+  /// Snapshot retention policy
+  std::variant<Branch, Tag> retention;
+
+  SnapshotRefType type() const noexcept;
+};
+
+/// \brief Optional Snapshot Summary Fields
+struct SnapshotSummaryFields {
+  /// \brief The operation field key
+  inline static const std::string kOperation = "operation";
+
+  /// Metrics, see https://iceberg.apache.org/spec/#metrics
+
+  /// \brief Number of data files added in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedDataFiles = "added-data-files";
+  /// \brief Number of data files deleted in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kDeletedDataFiles = "deleted-data-files";
+  /// \brief Total number of live data files in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kTotalDataFiles = "total-data-files";
+  /// \brief Number of positional/equality delete files and deletion vectors added in the
+  /// snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedDeleteFiles = "added-delete-files";
+  /// \brief Number of equality delete files added in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedEqDeleteFiles = "added-equality-delete-files";
+  /// \brief Number of equality delete files removed in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kRemovedEqDeleteFiles = "removed-equality-delete-files";
+  /// \brief Number of position delete files added in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedPosDeleteFiles = "added-position-delete-files";
+  /// \brief Number of position delete files removed in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kRemovedPosDeleteFiles =
+      "removed-position-delete-files";
+  /// \brief Number of deletion vectors added in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedDVs = "added-dvs";
+  /// \brief Number of deletion vectors removed in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kRemovedDVs = "removed-dvs";
+  /// \brief Number of positional/equality delete files and deletion vectors removed in
+  /// the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kRemovedDeleteFiles = "removed-delete-files";
+  /// \brief Total number of live positional/equality delete files and deletion vectors in
+  /// the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kTotalDeleteFiles = "total-delete-files";
+  /// \brief Number of records added in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedRecords = "added-records";
+  /// \brief Number of records deleted in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kDeletedRecords = "deleted-records";
+  /// \brief Total number of records in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kTotalRecords = "total-records";
+  /// \brief The size of files added in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedFileSize = "added-files-size";
+  /// \brief The size of files removed in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kRemovedFileSize = "removed-files-size";
+  /// \brief Total size of live files in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kTotalFileSize = "total-files-size";
+  /// \brief Number of position delete records added in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedPosDeletes = "added-position-deletes";
+  /// \brief Number of position delete records removed in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kRemovedPosDeletes = "removed-position-deletes";
+  /// \brief Total number of position delete records in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kTotalPosDeletes = "total-position-deletes";
+  /// \brief Number of equality delete records added in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kAddedEqDeletes = "added-equality-deletes";
+  /// \brief Number of equality delete records removed in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kRemovedEqDeletes = "removed-equality-deletes";
+  /// \brief Total number of equality delete records in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kTotalEqDeletes = "total-equality-deletes";
+  /// \brief Number of duplicate files deleted (duplicates are files recorded more than
+  /// once in the manifest)
+  inline static const std::string kDeletedDuplicatedFiles = "deleted-duplicate-files";
+  /// \brief Number of partitions with files added or removed in the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kChangedPartitionCountProp = "changed-partition-count";
+
+  /// Other Fields, see https://iceberg.apache.org/spec/#other-fields
+
+  /// \brief The Write-Audit-Publish id of a staged snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kWAPID = "wap.id";
+  /// \brief The Write-Audit-Publish id of a snapshot already been published
+  inline static const std::string kPublishedWAPID = "published-wap-id";
+  /// \brief The original id of a cherry-picked snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kSourceSnapshotID = "source-snapshot-id";
+  /// \brief Name of the engine that created the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kEngineName = "engine-name";
+  /// \brief Version of the engine that created the snapshot
+  inline static const std::string kEngineVersion = "engine-version";
+};
+
+/// \brief Data operation that produce snapshots.
+///
+/// A snapshot can return the operation that created the snapshot to help other components
+/// ignore snapshots that are not needed for some tasks. For example, snapshot expiration
+/// does not need to clean up deleted files for appends, which have no deleted files.
+struct ICEBERG_EXPORT DataOperation {
+  /// \brief Only data files were added and no files were removed.
+  inline static const std::string kAppend = "append";
+  /// \brief Data and delete files were added and removed without changing table data;
+  /// i.e. compaction, change the data file format, or relocating data files.
+  inline static const std::string kReplace = "replace";
+  /// \brief Data and delete files were added and removed in a logical overwrite
+  /// operation.
+  inline static const std::string kOverwrite = "overwrite";
+  /// \brief Data files were removed and their contents logically deleted and/or delete
+  /// files were added to delete rows.
+  inline static const std::string kDelete = "delete";
+};
+
+/// \brief A snapshot of the data in a table at a point in time.
+///
+/// A snapshot consist of one or more file manifests, and the complete table contents is
+/// the union of all the data files in those manifests.
+///
+/// Snapshots are created by table operations.
+struct ICEBERG_EXPORT Snapshot {
+  /// A unqiue long ID.
+  int64_t snapshot_id;
+  /// The snapshot ID of the snapshot's parent. Omitted for any snapshot with no parent.
+  std::optional<int64_t> parent_snapshot_id;
+  /// A monotonically increasing long that tracks the order of changes to a table.
+  int64_t sequence_number;
+  /// A timestamp when the snapshot was created, used for garbage collection and table
+  /// inspection.
+  int64_t timestamp_ms;
+  /// The location of a manifest list for this snapshot that tracks manifest files with
+  /// additional metadata.
+  std::string manifest_list;
+  /// A string map that summaries the snapshot changes, including operation.
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> summary;
+  /// ID of the table's current schema when the snapshot was created.
+  std::optional<int32_t> schema_id;
+
+  /// \brief Return the name of the DataOperations data operation that produced this
+  /// snapshot.
+  ///
+  /// \return the operation that produced this snapshot, or nullopt if the operation is
+  /// unknown.
+  std::optional<std::string_view> operation() const;
+
+  /// \brief Compare two snapshots for equality.
+  friend bool operator==(const Snapshot& lhs, const Snapshot& rhs) {
+    return lhs.Equals(rhs);
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Compare two snapshots for inequality.
+  friend bool operator!=(const Snapshot& lhs, const Snapshot& rhs) {
+    return !(lhs == rhs);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /// \brief Compare two snapshots for equality.
+  bool Equals(const Snapshot& other) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace iceberg

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ target_sources(schema_test
                        partition_field_test.cc
                        partition_spec_test.cc
                        sort_field_test.cc
-                       sort_order_test.cc)
+                       sort_order_test.cc
+                       snapshot_test.cc)
 target_link_libraries(schema_test PRIVATE iceberg_static GTest::gtest_main GTest::gmock)
 add_test(NAME schema_test COMMAND schema_test)