[SPARK-51730] Add Catalog actor and support catalog/database APIs

[dongjoon-hyun]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR aims to add Catalog actor and support catalog/database APIs. Other APIs (table/function/column) will be added independently as the second part.

Why are the changes needed?

For feature parity.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No. This is a new addition to the unreleased version.

How was this patch tested?

Pass the CIs and manual test on MacOS environment.

$ swift test --filter CatalogTests
...
􀟈  Test databaseExists() started.
􀟈  Test setCurrentCatalog() started.
􀟈  Test setCurrentDatabase() started.
􀟈  Test getDatabase() started.
􀟈  Test listDatabases() started.
􀟈  Test listCatalogs() started.
􀟈  Test currentDatabase() started.
􀟈  Test currentCatalog() started.
􁁛  Test currentDatabase() passed after 0.061 seconds.
􁁛  Test currentCatalog() passed after 0.061 seconds.
􁁛  Test setCurrentCatalog() passed after 0.067 seconds.
􁁛  Test setCurrentDatabase() passed after 0.071 seconds.
􁁛  Test getDatabase() passed after 0.138 seconds.
􁁛  Test listCatalogs() passed after 0.143 seconds.
􁁛  Test databaseExists() passed after 0.158 seconds.
􁁛  Test listDatabases() passed after 0.188 seconds.
􁁛  Suite CatalogTests passed after 0.189 seconds.
􁁛  Test run with 8 tests passed after 0.189 seconds.

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

[dongjoon-hyun]

Thank you so much, @peter-toth !
Merged to main.