[SPARK-51440][SS] classify the NPE when null topic field value is in kafka message data and there is no topic option

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

We are throwing out the NPE now when null topic field value is in kafka message data and there is no topic option. Introduce a new kafka error and throw out this classified exception instead.

### Why are the changes needed?

Error classification for better user experience

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

Yes, error classification

### How was this patch tested?

modify the existing unit test

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

N/A

Closes #50214 from huanliwang-db/kafka-error.

Authored-by: huanliwang-db <huanli.wang@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Jungtaek Lim <kabhwan.opensource@gmail.com>

Author: huanliwang-db

connector/kafka-0-10-sql/src/main/resources/error/kafka-error-conditions.json

@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@
       "Specified: <specifiedPartitions> Assigned: <assignedPartitions>"
     ]
   },
+  "KAFKA_NULL_TOPIC_IN_DATA": {
+    "message" : [
+      "The Kafka message data sent to the producer contains a null topic. Use the `topic` option for setting a default topic."
+    ]
+  },
   "KAFKA_DATA_LOSS" : {
     "message" : [
       "Some data may have been lost because they are not available in Kafka any more;",

connector/kafka-0-10-sql/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/kafka010/KafkaExceptions.scala

@@ -177,6 +177,12 @@ object KafkaExceptions {
         "specifiedPartitions" -> specifiedPartitions.toString,
         "assignedPartitions" -> assignedPartitions.toString))
   }
+
+  def nullTopicInData(): KafkaIllegalStateException = {
+    new KafkaIllegalStateException(
+      errorClass = "KAFKA_NULL_TOPIC_IN_DATA",
+      messageParameters = Map.empty)
+  }
 }
 
 /**

connector/kafka-0-10-sql/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/kafka010/KafkaWriteTask.scala

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.apache.kafka.common.header.internals.RecordHeader
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.InternalRow
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Attribute, Cast, UnsafeProjection}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.kafka010.KafkaExceptions.nullTopicInData
 import org.apache.spark.sql.kafka010.producer.{CachedKafkaProducer, InternalKafkaProducerPool}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types.BinaryType
 
@@ -95,8 +96,7 @@ private[kafka010] abstract class KafkaRowWriter(
     val key = projectedRow.getBinary(1)
     val value = projectedRow.getBinary(2)
     if (topic == null) {
-      throw new NullPointerException(s"null topic present in the data. Use the " +
-        s"${KafkaSourceProvider.TOPIC_OPTION_KEY} option for setting a default topic.")
+      throw nullTopicInData()
     }
     val partition: Integer =
       if (projectedRow.isNullAt(4)) null else projectedRow.getInt(4)

connector/kafka-0-10-sql/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/kafka010/KafkaSinkSuite.scala

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import org.apache.kafka.common.Cluster
 import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.ByteArraySerializer
 import org.scalatest.time.SpanSugar._
 
-import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext, SparkException, TestUtils}
+import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext, TestUtils}
 import org.apache.spark.sql._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{AttributeReference, SpecificInternalRow, UnsafeProjection}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.{MemoryStream, MemoryStreamBase}
@@ -491,14 +491,17 @@ abstract class KafkaSinkBatchSuiteBase extends KafkaSinkSuiteBase {
 
   test("batch - null topic field value, and no topic option") {
     val df = Seq[(String, String)](null.asInstanceOf[String] -> "1").toDF("topic", "value")
-    val ex = intercept[SparkException] {
+    val ex = intercept[KafkaIllegalStateException] {
       df.write
         .format("kafka")
         .option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", testUtils.brokerAddress)
         .mode("append")
         .save()
     }
-    TestUtils.assertExceptionMsg(ex, "null topic present in the data")
+    checkError(
+      exception = ex,
+      condition = "KAFKA_NULL_TOPIC_IN_DATA"
+    )
   }
 
   protected def testUnsupportedSaveModes(msg: (SaveMode) => Seq[String]): Unit = {