ci: use shared workflows and refactor them #8

Job	Run time
Docs check / Docs check	1m 30s
Async dostrings check / Async docstrings check	27s
Changelog entry check / Changelog entry check	21s
Lint check / Lint check (3.9)	22s
Lint check / Lint check (3.10)	25s
Type check / Type check (3.9)	31s
Lint check / Lint check (3.11)	22s
Type check / Type check (3.10)	28s
Unit tests / Unit tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.9)	33s
Lint check / Lint check (3.12)	19s
Unit tests / Unit tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.10)	26s
Type check / Type check (3.11)	26s
Unit tests / Unit tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.11)	26s
Type check / Type check (3.12)	28s
Unit tests / Unit tests (ubuntu-latest, 3.12)	27s
Version conflict check / Version conflict check	22s
Unit tests / Unit tests (windows-latest, 3.9)	1m 10s
Unit tests / Unit tests (windows-latest, 3.10)	1m 25s
Unit tests / Unit tests (windows-latest, 3.11)	1m 6s
Unit tests / Unit tests (windows-latest, 3.12)	1m 6s
Integration tests / Integration tests (3.9)	27s
Integration tests / Integration tests (3.12)	32s
Integration tests / Approve integration tests for PRs from forks	0s
Integration tests / Integration tests for PRs from forks	0s
	13m 39s

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