feat: Modularize SystemStatus to allow custom backpressure mechanisms

packages/core/src/autoscaling/autoscaled_pool.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { betterClearInterval, betterSetInterval } from '@apify/utilities';
 import { Configuration } from '../configuration';
 import { CriticalError } from '../errors';
 import { log as defaultLog } from '../log';
+import type { LoadSignal } from './load_signal';
 import type { SnapshotterOptions } from './snapshotter';
 import { Snapshotter } from './snapshotter';
 import type { SystemInfo, SystemStatusOptions } from './system_status';
@@ -203,6 +204,10 @@ export class AutoscaledPool {
     private resolve: ((val?: unknown) => void) | null = null;
     private reject: ((reason?: unknown) => void) | null = null;
     private snapshotter: Snapshotter;
+
+    /** Additional SystemStatus loadSignals - tracked here for initialization and cleanup */
+    private loadSignals: LoadSignal[];
+
     private systemStatus: SystemStatus;
     private autoscaleInterval!: BetterIntervalID;
     private maybeRunInterval!: BetterIntervalID;
@@ -295,6 +300,7 @@ export class AutoscaledPool {
         });
         ssoCopy.config ??= this.config;
         this.snapshotter = ssoCopy.snapshotter;
+        this.loadSignals = ssoCopy.loadSignals ?? [];
         this.systemStatus = new SystemStatus(ssoCopy);
     }
 
@@ -366,6 +372,7 @@ export class AutoscaledPool {
         });
 
         await this.snapshotter.start();
+        await Promise.all(this.loadSignals.map((s) => s.start()));
 
         // This interval checks the system status and updates the desired concurrency accordingly.
         this.autoscaleInterval = betterSetInterval(this._autoscale, this.autoscaleIntervalMillis);
@@ -699,6 +706,7 @@ export class AutoscaledPool {
         betterClearInterval(this.maybeRunInterval);
         if (this.tasksDonePerSecondInterval) betterClearInterval(this.tasksDonePerSecondInterval);
         if (this.snapshotter) await this.snapshotter.stop();
+        await Promise.all(this.loadSignals.map((s) => s.stop()));
     }
 
     protected _incrementTasksDonePerSecond(intervalCallback: () => void) {

packages/core/src/autoscaling/client_load_signal.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import type { StorageClient } from '@crawlee/types';
+
+import type { LoadSnapshot } from './load_signal';
+import { SnapshotStore } from './load_signal';
+
+const CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR_RETRY_COUNT = 2;
+
+export interface ClientSnapshot extends LoadSnapshot {
+    rateLimitErrorCount: number;
+}
+
+export interface ClientLoadSignalOptions {
+    client: StorageClient;
+    clientSnapshotIntervalSecs?: number;
+    maxClientErrors?: number;
+    overloadedRatio?: number;
+    snapshotHistoryMillis?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Periodically checks the storage client for rate-limit errors (HTTP 429)
+ * and reports overload when the error delta exceeds a threshold.
+ */
+export function createClientLoadSignal(options: ClientLoadSignalOptions) {
+    const maxClientErrors = options.maxClientErrors ?? 3;
+
+    const signal = SnapshotStore.fromInterval<ClientSnapshot>({
+        name: 'clientInfo',
+        overloadedRatio: options.overloadedRatio ?? 0.3,
+        intervalMillis: (options.clientSnapshotIntervalSecs ?? 1) * 1000,
+        snapshotHistoryMillis: options.snapshotHistoryMillis,
+        handler(store, intervalCallback) {
+            const now = new Date();
+
+            const allErrorCounts = options.client.stats?.rateLimitErrors ?? [];
+            const currentErrCount = allErrorCounts[CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_ERROR_RETRY_COUNT] || 0;
+
+            const snapshot: ClientSnapshot = {
+                createdAt: now,
+                isOverloaded: false,
+                rateLimitErrorCount: currentErrCount,
+            };
+            const all = store.getAll();
+            const previousSnapshot = all[all.length - 1];
+            if (previousSnapshot) {
+                const { rateLimitErrorCount } = previousSnapshot;
+                const delta = currentErrCount - rateLimitErrorCount;
+                if (delta > maxClientErrors) snapshot.isOverloaded = true;
+            }
+
+            store.push(snapshot, now);
+            intervalCallback();
+        },
+    });
+
+    return signal;
+}
+
+/** @internal Return type for backward compat in Snapshotter facade */
+export type ClientLoadSignal = ReturnType<typeof createClientLoadSignal>;

packages/core/src/autoscaling/cpu_load_signal.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import type { Configuration } from '../configuration';
+import { EventType } from '../events/event_manager';
+import type { LoadSnapshot } from './load_signal';
+import { SnapshotStore } from './load_signal';
+import type { SystemInfo } from './system_status';
+
+export interface CpuSnapshot extends LoadSnapshot {
+    usedRatio: number;
+    ticks?: { idle: number; total: number };
+}
+
+export interface CpuLoadSignalOptions {
+    overloadedRatio?: number;
+    snapshotHistoryMillis?: number;
+    config: Configuration;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Tracks CPU usage via `SYSTEM_INFO` events and reports overload when
+ * the platform or local OS metrics indicate the CPU is overloaded.
+ */
+export function createCpuLoadSignal(options: CpuLoadSignalOptions) {
+    return SnapshotStore.fromEvent<CpuSnapshot, SystemInfo>({
+        name: 'cpuInfo',
+        overloadedRatio: options.overloadedRatio ?? 0.4,
+        events: options.config.getEventManager(),
+        event: EventType.SYSTEM_INFO,
+        snapshotHistoryMillis: options.snapshotHistoryMillis,
+        handler(store, systemInfo) {
+            const { cpuCurrentUsage, isCpuOverloaded } = systemInfo;
+            const createdAt = systemInfo.createdAt ? new Date(systemInfo.createdAt) : new Date();
+            store.push(
+                {
+                    createdAt,
+                    isOverloaded: isCpuOverloaded!,
+                    usedRatio: Math.ceil(cpuCurrentUsage! / 100),
+                },
+                createdAt,
+            );
+        },
+    });
+}
+
+/** @internal Return type for backward compat in Snapshotter facade */
+export type CpuLoadSignal = ReturnType<typeof createCpuLoadSignal>;

packages/core/src/autoscaling/event_loop_load_signal.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import type { LoadSnapshot } from './load_signal';
+import { SnapshotStore } from './load_signal';
+
+export interface EventLoopSnapshot extends LoadSnapshot {
+    exceededMillis: number;
+}
+
+export interface EventLoopLoadSignalOptions {
+    eventLoopSnapshotIntervalSecs?: number;
+    maxBlockedMillis?: number;
+    overloadedRatio?: number;
+    snapshotHistoryMillis?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Periodically measures event loop delay and reports overload when the
+ * delay exceeds a configured threshold.
+ */
+export function createEventLoopLoadSignal(options: EventLoopLoadSignalOptions = {}) {
+    const intervalMillis = (options.eventLoopSnapshotIntervalSecs ?? 0.5) * 1000;
+    const maxBlockedMillis = options.maxBlockedMillis ?? 50;
+
+    const signal = SnapshotStore.fromInterval<EventLoopSnapshot>({
+        name: 'eventLoopInfo',
+        overloadedRatio: options.overloadedRatio ?? 0.6,
+        intervalMillis,
+        snapshotHistoryMillis: options.snapshotHistoryMillis,
+        handler(store, intervalCallback) {
+            const now = new Date();
+
+            const snapshot: EventLoopSnapshot = {
+                createdAt: now,
+                isOverloaded: false,
+                exceededMillis: 0,
+            };
+
+            const all = store.getAll();
+            const previousSnapshot = all[all.length - 1];
+            if (previousSnapshot) {
+                const { createdAt } = previousSnapshot;
+                const delta = now.getTime() - +createdAt - intervalMillis;
+
+                if (delta > maxBlockedMillis) snapshot.isOverloaded = true;
+                snapshot.exceededMillis = Math.max(delta - maxBlockedMillis, 0);
+            }
+
+            store.push(snapshot, now);
+            intervalCallback();
+        },
+    });
+
+    return signal;
+}
+
+/** @internal Return type for backward compat in Snapshotter facade */
+export type EventLoopLoadSignal = ReturnType<typeof createEventLoopLoadSignal>;

packages/core/src/autoscaling/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
 export * from './autoscaled_pool';
+export * from './client_load_signal';
+export * from './cpu_load_signal';
+export * from './event_loop_load_signal';
+export * from './load_signal';
+export * from './memory_load_signal';
 export * from './snapshotter';
 export * from './system_status';