Upgrade to Java 23 support @thpierce

[thpierce]

Drop v22 and add v23 support for Java - align with aws-observability/aws-otel-java-instrumentation@f398962

<Can we safely revert this commit if needed? If not, detail what must be done to safely revert and why it is needed.>
Yes

Ensure you've run the following tests on your changes and include the link below:
These steps are manually run.

To do so, create a test.yml file with name: Test and workflow description to test your changes, then remove the file for your PR. Link your test run in your PR description. This process is a short term solution while we work on creating a staging environment for testing.

NOTE: TESTS RUNNING ON A SINGLE EKS CLUSTER CANNOT BE RUN IN PARALLEL. See the needs keyword to run tests in succession.

• Run Java EKS on e2e-playground in us-east-1 and eu-central-2
• Run Python EKS on e2e-playground in us-east-1 and eu-central-2
• Run metric limiter on EKS cluster e2e-playground in us-east-1 and eu-central-2
• Run EC2 tests in all regions
• Run K8s on a separate K8s cluster (check IAD test account for master node endpoints; these will change as we create and destroy clusters for OS patching)

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