feat(toolchain): add patch_strip attr for python_repository

[aignas]

This value has been hardcoded for a long time, so let's add the patch_strip
attribute to the WORKSPACE setups now so that we add less tech debt in the
bzlmod world later and need to migrate bzlmod users from the hard coded
value to something that can be configured.

This should be backwards compatible because of the default int value of 1
for the patch_strip attribute.

Summary:

• feat: add patch_strip to python_repository.
• feat: add the default value of patch_strip to get_release_info.
• refactor: handle patch_strip key in TOOL_VERSIONS.

Work towards #2081.