fix: add security headers to Java backend to address ZAP findings

backend-java/src/main/java/ca/bc/gov/nrs/api/security/SecurityHeadersFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+package ca.bc.gov.nrs.api.security;
+
+import jakarta.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestContext;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.container.ContainerResponseContext;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.container.ContainerResponseFilter;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.ext.Provider;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Security headers filter to address ZAP penetration test findings.
+ * 
+ * Addresses the following ZAP alerts:
+ * - Content Security Policy (CSP) Header Not Set [10038]
+ * - Missing Anti-clickjacking Header [10020]
+ * - Proxy Disclosure [40025]
+ * - Cookie with SameSite Attribute None [10054]
+ * - Permissions Policy Header Not Set [10063]
+ * - Strict-Transport-Security Header Not Set [10035]
+ * - X-Content-Type-Options Header Missing [10021]
+ * - Re-examine Cache-control Directives [10015]
+ * - Non-Storable Content [10049]
+ * - Storable and Cacheable Content [10049]
+ */
+@Provider
+public class SecurityHeadersFilter implements ContainerResponseFilter {
+
+  // Headers to remove to prevent proxy/server disclosure
+  private static final String[] HEADERS_TO_REMOVE = {
+    "Server",
+    "X-Powered-By",
+    "Via",
+    "X-AspNet-Version",
+    "X-AspNetMvc-Version"
+  };
+
+  @Override
+  public void filter(
+      ContainerRequestContext requestContext, ContainerResponseContext responseContext) {
+    MultivaluedMap<String, Object> headers = responseContext.getHeaders();
+
+    // Security headers to address ZAP alerts
+
+    // X-Content-Type-Options: Prevents MIME type sniffing
+    // Addresses: X-Content-Type-Options Header Missing [10021]
+    headers.add("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff");
+
+    // X-Frame-Options: Prevents clickjacking attacks
+    // Addresses: Missing Anti-clickjacking Header [10020]
+    headers.add("X-Frame-Options", "DENY");
+
+    // Strict-Transport-Security: Enforces HTTPS
+    // Addresses: Strict-Transport-Security Header Not Set [10035]
+    // Only set HSTS when the request is served over HTTPS
+    // Check both direct HTTPS and proxy-forwarded HTTPS (for reverse proxy scenarios)
+    // Check multiple common proxy headers to ensure HSTS is applied correctly
+    String scheme = requestContext.getUriInfo().getRequestUri().getScheme();
+    String xForwardedProto = requestContext.getHeaderString("X-Forwarded-Proto");
+    String xForwardedScheme = requestContext.getHeaderString("X-Forwarded-Scheme");
+    String xForwardedSsl = requestContext.getHeaderString("X-Forwarded-SSL");
+    String frontEndHttps = requestContext.getHeaderString("Front-End-Https");
+    boolean isHttps = "https".equals(scheme)
+        || "https".equalsIgnoreCase(xForwardedProto)
+        || "https".equalsIgnoreCase(xForwardedScheme)
+        || "on".equalsIgnoreCase(xForwardedSsl)
+        || "on".equalsIgnoreCase(frontEndHttps)
+        || "true".equalsIgnoreCase(frontEndHttps);
+    if (isHttps) {
+      headers.add(
+          "Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload");
+    }
+
+    // Content-Security-Policy: Restrictive CSP for API endpoints
+    // Addresses: Content Security Policy (CSP) Header Not Set [10038]
+    // Note: This is a restrictive policy suitable for APIs. For web applications with
+    // inline scripts/styles or external resources, customize this policy accordingly.
+    headers.add("Content-Security-Policy", "default-src 'self'");
+
+    // Permissions-Policy: Controls browser features
+    // Addresses: Permissions Policy Header Not Set [10063]
+    headers.add(
+        "Permissions-Policy",
+        "geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=(), payment=(), usb=(), magnetometer=(),"
+            + " gyroscope=(), speaker-selection=()");
+
+    // Referrer-Policy: Controls referrer information
+    headers.add("Referrer-Policy", "strict-origin-when-cross-origin");
+
+    // Hide server information (addresses Proxy Disclosure alert [40025])
+    // Remove proxy/server disclosure headers
+    for (String headerName : HEADERS_TO_REMOVE) {
+      headers.remove(headerName);
+    }
+
+    // Fix cookie SameSite attribute - ensure all cookies have SameSite=Strict
+    // Addresses: Cookie with SameSite Attribute None [10054]
+    fixCookieSameSiteAttribute(headers);
+
+    // Cache-Control headers
+    // Addresses: Re-examine Cache-control Directives [10015],
+    // Non-Storable Content [10049], Storable and Cacheable Content [10049]
+    String path = requestContext.getUriInfo().getPath();
+    boolean isApiVersionPath = isApiVersionPath(path);
+    if (isApiVersionPath || path.startsWith("/q/")) {
+      // For API endpoints and documentation (Swagger UI), prevent caching
+      // Use putSingle to replace any existing Cache-Control header
+      headers.putSingle("Cache-Control", "no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, private");
+      headers.putSingle("Pragma", "no-cache");
+      headers.putSingle("Expires", "0");
+    } else {
+      // For static content, allow some caching but with revalidation
+      // Use putSingle to replace any existing Cache-Control header
+      headers.putSingle("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=3600, must-revalidate");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures all Set-Cookie headers have SameSite=Strict attribute.
+   * If SameSite is missing or set to None, replaces with Strict.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private void fixCookieSameSiteAttribute(MultivaluedMap<String, Object> headers) {
+    List<Object> setCookieHeaders = headers.get("Set-Cookie");
+    if (setCookieHeaders == null || setCookieHeaders.isEmpty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    List<Object> fixedCookies = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (Object cookieObj : setCookieHeaders) {
+      String cookie = cookieObj.toString();
+      String fixedCookie = fixCookieHeader(cookie);
+      fixedCookies.add(fixedCookie);
+    }
+
+    headers.put("Set-Cookie", fixedCookies);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fixes a single Set-Cookie header to ensure SameSite=Strict is set.
+   * Handles existing SameSite values (None, Lax, Strict) to prevent duplicates.
+   * Package-private for testing purposes.
+   */
+  String fixCookieHeader(String cookie) {
+    if (cookie == null || cookie.isEmpty()) {
+      return cookie;
+    }
+
+    // Use string manipulation instead of regex to prevent ReDoS vulnerability
+    // Split on ';' to examine individual attributes without using regex
+    String[] parts = cookie.split(";", -1);  // -1 to preserve trailing empty strings
+    boolean hasSameSite = false;
+    boolean isAlreadyStrict = false;
+
+    // First pass: check if SameSite exists and if it's already Strict
+    for (String part : parts) {
+      String trimmed = part.trim();
+      if (trimmed.regionMatches(true, 0, "samesite", 0, "samesite".length())) {
+        hasSameSite = true;
+        int eqIndex = trimmed.indexOf('=');
+        if (eqIndex != -1) {
+          String value = trimmed.substring(eqIndex + 1).trim();
+          if ("strict".equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
+            isAlreadyStrict = true;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Early return if already Strict (no need to process)
+    if (hasSameSite && isAlreadyStrict) {
+      return cookie;
+    }
+
+    // Second pass: rebuild cookie, normalizing all SameSite attributes to "SameSite=Strict"
+    if (hasSameSite) {
+      StringBuilder rebuilt = new StringBuilder();
+      boolean first = true;
+      for (String part : parts) {
+        String trimmed = part.trim();
+        if (trimmed.isEmpty()) {
+          continue;  // Skip empty parts
+        }
+        if (trimmed.regionMatches(true, 0, "samesite", 0, "samesite".length())) {
+          // Normalize any SameSite attribute to "SameSite=Strict"
+          if (!first) {
+            rebuilt.append("; ");
+          }
+          rebuilt.append("SameSite=Strict");
+          first = false;
+        } else {
+          // Preserve non-SameSite attributes (including cookie name=value)
+          if (!first) {
+            rebuilt.append("; ");
+          }
+          rebuilt.append(trimmed);
+          first = false;
+        }
+      }
+      return rebuilt.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Add SameSite=Strict if not present
+    // Insert before the earliest HttpOnly, Secure, or Path attribute (if any)
+    int httpOnlyIndex = cookie.indexOf("; HttpOnly");
+    int secureIndex = cookie.indexOf("; Secure");
+    int pathIndex = cookie.indexOf("; Path=");
+
+    int insertPos = -1;
+    if (httpOnlyIndex != -1) {
+      insertPos = httpOnlyIndex;
+    }
+    if (secureIndex != -1 && (insertPos == -1 || secureIndex < insertPos)) {
+      insertPos = secureIndex;
+    }
+    if (pathIndex != -1 && (insertPos == -1 || pathIndex < insertPos)) {
+      insertPos = pathIndex;
+    }
+
+    if (insertPos != -1) {
+      // Insert before the first attribute found
+      cookie = cookie.substring(0, insertPos) + "; SameSite=Strict" + cookie.substring(insertPos);
+    } else {
+      // No attributes found, append at the end
+      cookie = cookie + "; SameSite=Strict";
+    }
+
+    return cookie;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if a path matches the API version pattern (/api/v or /api/v followed by a digit).
+   * Package-private for testing purposes.
+   * 
+   * More specific path matching: /api/v or /api/v followed by a digit matches /api/v1/, /api/v2/, etc.
+   * but not /api-docs, /api.json, /api/version, /api/veterinary, /api/v1abc
+   * 
+   * @param path The request path to check
+   * @return true if path matches API version pattern, false otherwise
+   */
+  boolean isApiVersionPath(String path) {
+    // More specific path matching: /api/v or /api/v followed by a digit matches /api/v1/, /api/v2/, etc.
+    // but not /api-docs, /api.json, /api/version, /api/veterinary, /api/v1abc
+    // Note: /q/* endpoints are handled by Quarkus's internal routing, not JAX-RS,
+    // so this filter doesn't apply to them. The /q/ check is kept for completeness
+    // but may not execute in practice.
+    // Use startsWith() and character check instead of regex to avoid ReDoS vulnerability
+    // Check if path is exactly /api/v, or starts with /api/v followed by a digit
+    // "/api/v" is 6 characters (indices 0-5), so index 6 is the first character after "/api/v"
+    return path.equals("/api/v")
+        || (path.startsWith("/api/v") 
+            && path.length() >= 7  // At least "/api/v" (6 chars) + one digit
+            && Character.isDigit(path.charAt(6))  // Character at index 6 (first char after "/api/v")
+            && (path.length() == 7 || path.charAt(7) == '/'));  // Next char is end-of-string or '/'
+  }
+}

backend-java/src/main/resources/application.properties

@@ -24,3 +24,14 @@ quarkus.flyway.connect-retries=10
 quarkus.swagger-ui.always-include=true
 # Combined native build args: compatibility and runtime initialization fixes
 quarkus.native.additional-build-args=-march=compatibility,--initialize-at-run-time=net.datafaker.service.RandomService\\,sun.java2d.pipe.Region\\,sun.java2d.Disposer
+
+# Security configuration to address ZAP penetration test findings
+# Hide server information (addresses Proxy Disclosure alert [40025])
+quarkus.http.header.server.enabled=false
+
+# Cookie SameSite configuration (addresses Cookie with SameSite Attribute None [10054])
+# Note: SecurityHeadersFilter enforces SameSite=Strict for all cookies.
+# Application-level cookie configuration will be overridden by the security filter.
+# Example for session cookies (SecurityHeadersFilter enforces SameSite=Strict):
+# quarkus.http.same-site-cookie.session.value=Strict
+# quarkus.http.same-site-cookie.session.secure=true