♻️ Modernized the CMake build setup

[marcelwa]

This PR significantly overhauls the CMake build system, including but not limited to:

• refactoring of the entire CMake build system to use FetchContent for dependency management instead of git submodules
• moving of vendored libraries from libs/ to vendors/
• improving build configuration and option handling for better modularity
• addressing several CMake and compiler warnings (including CMP0148 and Pybind11 compatibility) as well as CMake code smells
• streamlining package installation and discovery process
• adding CMakePresets.json to offer default CMake configurations
• adding support for CMake version 4+

Also, the following new pre-commit checks have been added:

• check-vcs-permalinks
• check-symlinks
• check-json
• cmake-format-precommit
• uv-pre-commit

Finally, library versions and tool configurations have been updated, several clang-tidy warnings have been addressed throughout the code base, and typos and formatting issues have been fixed.

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✨ Finishing touches

🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)

• Create PR with unit tests
• Post copyable unit tests in a comment
• Commit unit tests in branch modernize-cmake-config

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 99.70238% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 98.16%. Comparing base (35ea3d0) to head (6c5ce6d).
⚠️ Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...clude/fiction/networks/views/static_depth_view.hpp	96.29%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #898      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   98.12%   98.16%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         261      261              
  Lines       40068    40105      +37     
  Branches     2102     2108       +6     
==========================================
+ Hits        39317    39371      +54     
+ Misses        751      734      -17     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/fiction/algorithms/graph/mincross.hpp	93.36% <100.00%> (-0.45%)	⬇️
...hms/network_transformation/fanout_substitution.hpp	99.13% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
include/fiction/algorithms/path_finding/a_star.hpp	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...n/algorithms/physical_design/design_sidb_gates.hpp	98.29% <100.00%> (ø)
...on/algorithms/simulation/sidb/defect_clearance.hpp	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...tion/algorithms/simulation/sidb/is_operational.hpp	92.40% <100.00%> (ø)
...tion/algorithms/simulation/sidb/minimum_energy.hpp	100.00% <ø> (ø)
.../algorithms/simulation/sidb/operational_domain.hpp	94.62% <100.00%> (ø)
...s/simulation/sidb/random_sidb_layout_generator.hpp	93.33% <100.00%> (ø)
...on/algorithms/simulation/sidb/time_to_solution.hpp	96.15% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 40 more

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