update the iterative solution

[YuTian8328]

• Add a new dataset from year 2024 with temperatures and precipitations
• Update the iterative solution with the new dataset

[bast]

I am reviewing ...

[bast]

Few things I will add or consider adding before merging:

• instead of reset_index and working with "measurement index", I might change the data to contain proper dates so that we can use panda's datetime (easier and more realistic)
• instead of averaging the precipitation it is more meaningful to compute the total precipitation per month
• consider switching to using explicit interface in matplotlib to be closer to the Python for SciComp material
• the step from side effects towards more pure functions can be made a bit clearer
• at some point when switching to script/testing/cli we don't want to "show" anymore
• I would like to let user specify the output path in the CLI solution (allows to separate input data from output data and connects better to workflows)
• auto-format code
• update text in the md file
• re-introduce line emphasis in code examples
• update the exercise repo after these changes
• add Yu as co-author