Update Ubuntu jobs in ci to 24.04

[mcbarton]

This PR will upgrade the Ubuntu used in the ci to 24.04 . It shouldn't hopefully cause any new errors, but we shall have to wait for it to do a full run to be sure. This a copy of #286 , but without the merge conflict due to he micromamba PR merge.
Fixes #265

[mcbarton]

@vgvassilev @maximusron There is an issue with the installation of cppyy on Ubuntu 24.04. It appears to me to be in cppyy-backend, but I don't know how to fix it. If I open i a PR there, can either of you help me fix the issue (or one of the other repos if you think the issue is somewhere else)?

[aaronj0]

@vgvassilev @maximusron There is an issue with the installation of cppyy on Ubuntu 24.04. It appears to me to be in cppyy-backend, but I don't know how to fix it. If I open i a PR there, can either of you help me fix the issue (or one of the other repos if you think the issue is somewhere

Looks like the gcc hits some issue with an exception handler in clingwrapper... does not seem very straightforward but I will look into a fix over the weekend.

[mcbarton]

Closing as superseded by @maximusron PR #290