Add podman_container_exec module

.github/workflows/podman_container_exec.yml

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+name: Podman container exec
+
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/podman_container_exec.yml'
+      - 'ci/*.yml'
+      - 'ci/run_containers_tests.sh'
+      - 'ci/playbooks/containers/podman_container_exec.yml'
+      - 'plugins/modules/podman_container_exec.py'
+      - 'tests/integration/targets/podman_container_exec/**'
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/podman_container_exec.yml'
+      - 'ci/*.yml'
+      - 'ci/run_containers_tests.sh'
+      - 'ci/playbooks/containers/podman_container_exec.yml'
+      - 'plugins/modules/podman_container_exec.py'
+      - 'tests/integration/targets/podman_container_exec/**'
+  schedule:
+    - cron: 4 0 * * *  # Run daily at 0:03 UTC
+
+jobs:
+
+  test_podman_container_exec:
+    name: Podman container exec ${{ matrix.ansible-version }}-${{ matrix.os || 'ubuntu-22.04' }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os || 'ubuntu-22.04' }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        ansible-version:
+          - ansible<2.10
+          # - git+https://github.com/ansible/[email protected]
+          - git+https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git@devel
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-22.04
+        python-version:
+          - 3.9
+
+    steps:
+
+      - name: Check out repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+      - name: Upgrade pip and display Python and PIP versions
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y python*-wheel python*-yaml
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -V
+          pip --version
+      - name: Set up pip cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/pip
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ github.ref }}-units-VMs
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-pip-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-
+      - name: Install Ansible ${{ matrix.ansible-version }}
+        run: python3 -m pip install --user --force-reinstall --upgrade '${{ matrix.ansible-version }}'
+
+      - name: Build and install the collection tarball
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/just_new_collection
+          ~/.local/bin/ansible-galaxy collection build --output-path /tmp/just_new_collection --force
+          ~/.local/bin/ansible-galaxy collection install -vvv --force /tmp/just_new_collection/*.tar.gz
+      - name: Run collection tests for Podman container exec
+        run: |
+          export PATH=~/.local/bin:$PATH
+          echo "Run ansible version"
+          command -v ansible
+          ansible --version
+          export ANSIBLE_CONFIG=$(pwd)/ci/ansible-dev.cfg
+          if [[ '${{ matrix.ansible-version }}'  == 'ansible<2.10' ]]; then
+            export ANSIBLE_CONFIG=$(pwd)/ci/ansible-2.9.cfg
+          fi
+          echo $ANSIBLE_CONFIG
+          command -v ansible-playbook
+          pip --version
+          python --version
+          ansible-playbook --version
+          ansible-playbook -vv ci/playbooks/pre.yml \
+          -e host=localhost \
+          -i localhost, \
+          -e ansible_connection=local \
+          -e setup_python=false
+          TEST2RUN=podman_container_exec ./ci/run_containers_tests.sh
+        shell: bash

ci/playbooks/containers/podman_container_exec.yml

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+---
+- hosts: all
+  gather_facts: true
+  tasks:
+    - include_role:
+        name: podman_container_exec
+      vars:
+        ansible_python_interpreter: "{{ _ansible_python_interpreter }}"

plugins/modules/podman_container_exec.py

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+#!/usr/bin/python
+# coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright (c) 2023, Takuya Nishimura <@nishipy>
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = r'''
+module: podman_container_exec
+author:
+  - Takuya Nishimura (@nishipy)
+short_description: Executes a command in a running container.
+description:
+  - Executes a command in a running container.
+options:
+  name:
+    description:
+      - Name of the container where the command is executed.
+    type: str
+    required: true
+  command:
+    description:
+      - The command to run in the container.
+      - One of the I(command) or I(args) is required.
+    type: str
+  argv:
+    description:
+      - Passes the command as a list rather than a string.
+      - One of the I(command) or I(args) is required.
+    type: list
+    elements: str
+  detach:
+    description:
+      - If true, the command runs in the background.
+      - The exec session is automatically removed when it completes.
+    type: bool
+    default: false
+  env:
+    description:
+      - Set environment variables.
+    type: dict
+  privileged:
+    description:
+      - Give extended privileges to the container.
+    type: bool
+    default: false
+  tty:
+    description:
+      - Allocate a pseudo-TTY.
+    type: bool
+    default: false
+  user:
+    description:
+      - The username or UID used and, optionally, the groupname or GID for the specified command.
+      - Both user and group may be symbolic or numeric.
+    type: str
+  workdir:
+    description:
+      - Working directory inside the container.
+    type: str
+requirements:
+  - podman
+notes:
+  - See L(the Podman documentation,https://docs.podman.io/en/latest/markdown/podman-exec.1.html) for details of podman-exec(1).
+'''
+
+EXAMPLES = r'''
+- name: Execute a command with workdir
+  containers.podman.podman_container_exec:
+    name: ubi8
+    command: "cat redhat-release"
+    workdir: /etc
+
+- name: Execute a command with a list of args and enviroment variables
+  containers.podman.podman_container_exec:
+    name: test_container
+    argv:
+      - /bin/sh
+      - -c
+      - echo $HELLO $BYE
+    env:
+      HELLO: hello world
+      BYE: goodbye world
+
+- name: Execute command in background by using detach
+  containers.podman.podman_container_exec:
+    name: detach_container
+    command: "cat redhat-release"
+    detach: true
+'''
+
+RETURN = r'''
+stdout:
+  type: str
+  returned: success
+  description:
+  - The standard output of the command executed in the container.
+stderr:
+  type: str
+  returned: success
+  description:
+  - The standard output of the command executed in the container.
+rc:
+  type: int
+  returned: success
+  sample: 0
+  description:
+  - The exit code of the command executed in the container.
+exec_id:
+  type: str
+  returned: success and I(detach=true)
+  sample: f99002e34c1087fd1aa08d5027e455bf7c2d6b74f019069acf6462a96ddf2a47
+  description:
+  - The ID of the exec session.
+'''
+
+
+import shlex
+from ansible.module_utils.six import string_types
+from ansible.module_utils._text import to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule
+from ansible_collections.containers.podman.plugins.module_utils.podman.common import run_podman_command
+
+
+def run_container_exec(module: AnsibleModule) -> dict:
+    '''
+    Execute podman-container-exec for the given options
+    '''
+    exec_with_args = ['container', 'exec']
+    # podman_container_exec always returns changed=true
+    changed = True
+    exec_options = []
+
+    name = module.params['name']
+    argv = module.params['argv']
+    command = module.params['command']
+    detach = module.params['detach']
+    env = module.params['env']
+    privileged = module.params['privileged']
+    tty = module.params['tty']
+    user = module.params['user']
+    workdir = module.params['workdir']
+
+    if command is not None:
+        argv = shlex.split(command)
+
+    if detach:
+        exec_options.append('--detach')
+
+    if env is not None:
+        for key, value in env.items():
+            if not isinstance(value, string_types):
+                module.fail_json(
+                    msg="Specify string value %s on the env field" % (value))
+
+            to_text(value, errors='surrogate_or_strict')
+            exec_options += ['--env',
+                             '%s="%s"' % (key, value)]
+
+    if privileged:
+        exec_options.append('--privileged')
+
+    if tty:
+        exec_options.append('--tty')
+
+    if user is not None:
+        exec_options += ['--user',
+                         to_text(user, errors='surrogate_or_strict')]
+
+    if workdir is not None:
+        exec_options += ['--workdir',
+                         to_text(workdir, errors='surrogate_or_strict')]
+
+    exec_options.append(name)
+    exec_options.extend(argv)
+
+    exec_with_args.extend(exec_options)
+
+    rc, stdout, stderr = run_podman_command(
+        module=module, executable='podman', args=exec_with_args)
+
+    result = {
+        'changed': changed,
+        'podman_command': exec_options,
+        'rc': rc,
+        'stdout': stdout,
+        'stderr': stderr,
+    }
+
+    if detach:
+        result['exec_id'] = stdout.replace('\n', '')
+
+    return result
+
+
+def main():
+    argument_spec = {
+        'name': {
+            'type': 'str',
+            'required': True,
+        },
+        'command': {
+            'type': 'str',
+        },
+        'argv': {
+            'type': 'list',
+            'elements': 'str',
+        },
+        'detach': {
+            'type': 'bool',
+            'default': False,
+        },
+        'env': {
+            'type': 'dict',
+        },
+        'privileged': {
+            'type': 'bool',
+            'default': False,
+        },
+        'tty': {
+            'type': 'bool',
+            'default': False,
+        },
+        'user': {
+            'type': 'str',
+        },
+        'workdir': {
+            'type': 'str',
+        },
+    }
+
+    module = AnsibleModule(
+        argument_spec=argument_spec,
+        supports_check_mode=True,
+        required_one_of=[('argv', 'command')],
+    )
+
+    result = run_container_exec(module)
+    module.exit_json(**result)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()