dolthub/dolt#9887: Add BINLOG and mariadb-binlog support

[elianddb]

Fixes dolthub/dolt#9887

• Add BinlogConsumer and BinlogConsumerCatalog interfaces.
• Add BINLOG statement that decodes base64 encoded event strings and runs them on dolt's binlog replica applier using BinlogConsumer interface.
• Add support for mariadb-binlog utility with new format support for sql_mode, collation_database, collation_connection, and collation_server, which can use bitmasks and IDs tied to system variable values.
• Add new format int support for lc_time_names; this remains a no-op.
• Add authentication handler for Binlog statement and new privilege types binlog_admin, replication_applier.
• Other system variables have been added as no-ops for mariadb-binlog compatibility: skip_parallel_replication, gtid_domain_id, gtid_seq_no, check_constraint_checks, sql_if_exists, system_versioning_insert_history, and insert_id.
• Add separate MariaDB-specific system variables array and a new getter that pulls from both system variable arrays.

[fulghum]

Looks great! Just a few minor comments.