Fixing NullReferenceException issue with SqlDataAdapter

src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.Encryption.cs

@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ private SqlDataReader TryFetchInputParameterEncryptionInfo(
                     // not present as the rpcName, as is the case with non-_batchRPCMode. So
                     // input parameters start at parameters[1]. parameters[0] is the actual
                     // T-SQL Statement. rpcName is sp_executesql.
-                    if (_RPCList[i].systemParams.Length > 1)
+                    if (_RPCList[i].systemParams != null && _RPCList[i].systemParams.Length > 1)
                     {
                         _RPCList[i].needsFetchParameterEncryptionMetadata = true;
 

src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/AlwaysEncrypted/SqlDataAdapterBatchUpdateTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;
+using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.ManualTesting.Tests.AlwaysEncrypted.Setup;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.ManualTesting.Tests.AlwaysEncrypted
+{
+    public class SqlDataAdapterBatchUpdateTests : IClassFixture<SQLSetupStrategyCertStoreProvider>
+    {
+        private readonly SQLSetupStrategy _fixture;
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, string> tableNames = new();
+
+        public SqlDataAdapterBatchUpdateTests(SQLSetupStrategyCertStoreProvider context)
+        {
+            _fixture = context;
+
+            // Provide table names to mirror repo patterns.
+            // If your fixture already exposes specific names for BuyerSeller and procs, wire them here.
+            // Otherwise use literal names as below.
+            tableNames["BuyerSeller"] = "BuyerSeller";
+            tableNames["ProcInsertBuyerSeller"] = "InsertBuyerSeller";
+            tableNames["ProcUpdateBuyerSeller"] = "UpdateBuyerSeller";
+        }
+
+        // ---------- TESTS ----------
+
+        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.IsTargetReadyForAeWithKeyStore))]
+        [ClassData(typeof(AEConnectionStringProvider))]
+        public async Task dapterUpdate_BatchSizeGreaterThanOne_Succeeds(string connectionString)
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            // Ensure baseline rows exist
+            TruncateTables("BuyerSeller", connectionString);
+            PopulateTable("BuyerSeller", new (int id, string s1, string s2)[] {
+                (1, "123-45-6789", "987-65-4321"),
+                (2, "234-56-7890", "876-54-3210"),
+                (3, "345-67-8901", "765-43-2109"),
+                (4, "456-78-9012", "654-32-1098"),
+            }, connectionString);
+
+            using var conn = new SqlConnection(GetOpenConnectionString(connectionString, encryptionEnabled: true));
+            await conn.OpenAsync();
+
+            using var adapter = CreateAdapter(conn, updateBatchSize: 10); // failure repro: > 1
+            var dataTable = BuildBuyerSellerDataTable();
+            LoadCurrentRowsIntoDataTable(dataTable, conn);
+
+            // Mutate values for update
+            MutateForUpdate(dataTable);
+
+            // Act - This is where NullReferenceException was being thrown previously(which is now fixed)
+            var updated = await Task.Run(() => adapter.Update(dataTable));
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Equal(dataTable.Rows.Count, updated);
+
+        }
+
+        [ConditionalTheory(typeof(DataTestUtility), nameof(DataTestUtility.IsTargetReadyForAeWithKeyStore))]
+        [ClassData(typeof(AEConnectionStringProvider))]
+        public async Task AdapterUpdate_BatchSizeOne_Succeeds(string connectionString)
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            TruncateTables("BuyerSeller", connectionString);
+            PopulateTable("BuyerSeller", new (int id, string s1, string s2)[] {
+                (1, "123-45-6789", "987-65-4321"),
+                (2, "234-56-7890", "876-54-3210"),
+                (3, "345-67-8901", "765-43-2109"),
+                (4, "456-78-9012", "654-32-1098"),
+            }, connectionString);
+
+            using var conn = new SqlConnection(GetOpenConnectionString(connectionString, encryptionEnabled: true));
+            await conn.OpenAsync();
+
+            using var adapter = CreateAdapter(conn, updateBatchSize: 1); // success path
+            var dataTable = BuildBuyerSellerDataTable();
+            LoadCurrentRowsIntoDataTable(dataTable, conn);
+
+            MutateForUpdate(dataTable);
+
+            // Act (should not throw)
+            var updatedRows = await Task.Run(() => adapter.Update(dataTable));
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Equal(dataTable.Rows.Count, updatedRows);
+
+        }
+
+        // ---------- HELPERS ----------
+
+        private SqlDataAdapter CreateAdapter(SqlConnection connection, int updateBatchSize)
+        {
+            // Insert
+            var insertCmd = new SqlCommand(tableNames["ProcInsertBuyerSeller"], connection)
+            {
+                CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
+            };
+            insertCmd.Parameters.AddRange(new[]
+            {
+                new SqlParameter("@BuyerSellerID", SqlDbType.Int)   { SourceColumn = "BuyerSellerID" },
+                new SqlParameter("@SSN1",          SqlDbType.VarChar, 255) { SourceColumn = "SSN1" },
+                new SqlParameter("@SSN2",          SqlDbType.VarChar, 255) { SourceColumn = "SSN2" },
+            });
+            insertCmd.UpdatedRowSource = UpdateRowSource.None;
+
+            // Update
+            var updateCmd = new SqlCommand(tableNames["ProcUpdateBuyerSeller"], connection)
+            {
+                CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
+            };
+            updateCmd.Parameters.AddRange(new[]
+            {
+                new SqlParameter("@BuyerSellerID", SqlDbType.Int)   { SourceColumn = "BuyerSellerID" },
+                new SqlParameter("@SSN1",          SqlDbType.VarChar, 255) { SourceColumn = "SSN1" },
+                new SqlParameter("@SSN2",          SqlDbType.VarChar, 255) { SourceColumn = "SSN2" },
+            });
+            updateCmd.UpdatedRowSource = UpdateRowSource.None;
+
+            return new SqlDataAdapter
+            {
+                InsertCommand = insertCmd,
+                UpdateCommand = updateCmd,
+                UpdateBatchSize = updateBatchSize
+            };
+        }
+
+        private DataTable BuildBuyerSellerDataTable()
+        {
+            var dt = new DataTable(tableNames["BuyerSeller"]);
+            dt.Columns.AddRange(new[]
+            {
+                new DataColumn("BuyerSellerID", typeof(int)),
+                new DataColumn("SSN1", typeof(string)),
+                new DataColumn("SSN2", typeof(string)),
+            });
+            dt.PrimaryKey = new[] { dt.Columns["BuyerSellerID"] }; 
+            return dt;
+        }
+
+        private void LoadCurrentRowsIntoDataTable(DataTable dt, SqlConnection conn)
+        {
+            using var cmd = new SqlCommand($"SELECT BuyerSellerID, SSN1, SSN2 FROM [dbo].[{tableNames["BuyerSeller"]}] ORDER BY BuyerSellerID", conn);
+            using var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
+            while (reader.Read())
+            {
+                dt.Rows.Add(reader.GetInt32(0), reader.GetString(1), reader.GetString(2));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MutateForUpdate(DataTable dt)
+        {
+            int i = 0;
+            foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
+            {
+                i++;
+                row["SSN1"] = $"{i:000}-11-{DateTime.Now:HHmm}";
+                row["SSN2"] = $"{i:000}-22-{DateTime.Now:HHmm}";
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void TruncateTables(string tableName, string connectionString)
+        {
+            using var connection = new SqlConnection(GetOpenConnectionString(connectionString, encryptionEnabled: true));
+            connection.Open();
+            SilentRunCommand($@"TRUNCATE TABLE [dbo].[{tableNames[tableName]}]", connection);
+        }
+
+        internal void ExecuteQuery(SqlConnection connection, string commandText)
+        {
+            // Mirror AE-enabled command execution style used in repo tests
+            using var cmd = new SqlCommand(
+                commandText,
+                connection: connection,
+                transaction: null,
+                columnEncryptionSetting: SqlCommandColumnEncryptionSetting.Enabled);
+            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+        }
+
+        internal void PopulateTable(string tableName, (int id, string s1, string s2)[] rows, string connectionString)
+        {
+            using var connection = new SqlConnection(GetOpenConnectionString(connectionString, encryptionEnabled: true));
+            connection.Open();
+
+            foreach (var (id, s1, s2) in rows)
+            {
+                ExecuteQuery(connection,
+                    $@"INSERT INTO [dbo].[{tableNames[tableName]}] (BuyerSellerID, SSN1, SSN2) VALUES ({id}, '{s1}', '{s2}')");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string GetOpenConnectionString(string baseConnectionString, bool encryptionEnabled)
+        {
+            var builder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder(baseConnectionString)
+            {
+                // TrustServerCertificate can be set based on environment; mirror repo’s AE toggling idiom
+                ColumnEncryptionSetting = encryptionEnabled
+                    ? SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Enabled
+                    : SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Disabled
+            };
+            return builder.ToString();
+        }
+
+        internal void SilentRunCommand(string commandText, SqlConnection connection)
+        {
+            try
+            { ExecuteQuery(connection, commandText); }
+            catch (SqlException) { /* Swallow for cleanup */ }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            foreach (string connectionString in DataTestUtility.AEConnStringsSetup)
+            {
+                using var connection = new SqlConnection(GetOpenConnectionString(connectionString, encryptionEnabled: true));
+                connection.Open();
+                using var cmd = new SqlCommand($"DELETE FROM [dbo].[{tableNames["BuyerSeller"]}]", connection);
+                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/ManualTests/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.ManualTesting.Tests.csproj

@@ -277,6 +277,7 @@
     <Compile Include="SQL\ConnectionPoolTest\ConnectionPoolTest.Debug.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="AlwaysEncrypted\SqlDataAdapterBatchUpdateTests.cs" />
     <Compile Include="DataCommon\AADUtility.cs" />
     <Compile Include="DataCommon\AssemblyResourceManager.cs" />
     <Compile Include="DataCommon\ConnectionTestParameters.cs" />