Enabling Geoinfo Feature for Anemoi Datasets

[wael-mika]

Description

Geoinfo channels are static/constant-in-time variables such as altitude, land-sea mask, orography, etc. These variables provide geographic context to the model and can be used in the decoder for location-aware predictions.

Previously, geoinfo was only supported for OBS-type streams. This implementation extends geoinfo support to anemoi-type streams (ERA5, CERRA, etc.).

brief summary of the changes introduced in this pull request.

• Caching Logic: Added _cached_geoinfo to store data after the first read. Updated _get() to pull from this cache instead of hitting the disk repeatedly, and ensured init_empty() resets it.
• Channel Selection: Added select_geoinfo_channels() to filter the config for static fields (is_constant_in_time=True).
• Initialization: Updated init to wire everything together—populating the channel indices, calculating normalization stats (mean/stdev), and priming the cache.

Issue Number

Closes #1428

Checklist before asking for review

• I have performed a self-review of my code
• My changes comply with basic sanity checks:
  • I have fixed formatting issues with ./scripts/actions.sh lint
  • I have run unit tests with ./scripts/actions.sh unit-test
  • I have documented my code and I have updated the docstrings.
  • I have added unit tests, if relevant
• I have tried my changes with data and code:
  • I have run the integration tests with ./scripts/actions.sh integration-test
  • (bigger changes) I have run a full training and I have written in the comment the run_id(s): launch-slurm.py --time 60
  • (bigger changes and experiments) I have shared a hegdedoc in the github issue with all the configurations and runs for this experiments
• I have informed and aligned with people impacted by my change:
  • for config changes: the MatterMost channels and/or a design doc
  • for changes of dependencies: the MatterMost software development channel

[clessig]

Geoinfo channels do not have to be constant in time. They can be dynamic variables and the goal of the issue is that any channel can be a geoinfo channel. So no caching is possible.

[wael-mika]

Thanks for your comment @clessig. I will adapt accordingly.