[8.17] (backport #9287) [Automation] Bump Golang version to 1.24.6

[mergify]

It requires the version to be bumped first in golang-crossbuild project, then a new release will be added to:
https://github.com/elastic/golang-crossbuild/releases/tag/v1.24.6.
Otherwise it will fail until the docker images are available.

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Bump golang-version to latest version

Update .go-version

1 file(s) updated with "1.24.6": * .go-version

Update version.asciidoc

1 file(s) updated with ":go-version: 1.24.6": * version/docs/version.asciidoc

Update .buildkite/pipeline.yml

1 file(s) updated with "golang:1.24.6": * .buildkite/pipeline.yml

Update wrapper/windows/archive-proxy/go.mod version

1 file(s) updated with "go 1.24.6": * wrapper/windows/archive-proxy/go.mod

Update go.mod version

1 file(s) updated with "go 1.24.6": * go.mod

Update from dockerfiles

2 file(s) updated with "ARG GO_VERSION=1.24.6": * Dockerfile.skaffold * Dockerfile

GitHub Action workflow link

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #9287 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of ce3862c has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/8.17/pr-9287
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/8.17'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit ce3862c7d.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   .buildkite/pipeline.yml
	modified:   .go-version
	modified:   Dockerfile
	modified:   Dockerfile.skaffold
	new file:   changelog/fragments/1755547590-Upgrade-to-Go-1.24.6..yaml
	modified:   go.mod
	modified:   version/docs/version.asciidoc

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
	deleted by us:   wrapper/windows/archive-proxy/go.mod

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[elastic-sonarqube]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Fixed issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
No data about Coverage
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube

[elasticmachine]

💚 Build Succeeded

• Buildkite Build
• Commit: 8111943