Improve Logsdb docs including default values

docs/reference/data-streams/logs.asciidoc

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 // TEST[continued]
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+
+[[logsdb-default-settings]]
+
+[discrete]
+[[logsdb-synthtic-source]]
+=== Synthetic source
+
+By default, `logsdb` mode uses  <<synthetic-source,synthetic `_source`>>, which omits storing the original `_source`
+field and synthesizes it from doc values or stored fields upon document retrieval. Synthetic source comes with a few
+restrictions which you can read more about in the <<synthetic-source,documentation>> section dedicated to it.
+
+NOTE: When dealing with multi-value fields, the `index.mapping.synthetic_source_keep` setting controls how field values
+are preserved for <<synthetic-source,synthetic `_source`>> reconstruction. In `logsdb`, the default value is `arrays`,
+which retains both duplicate values and the order of entries but not necessarily the exact structure when it comes to
+array elements or objects. Preserving duplicates and ordering could be critical for some log fields. This could be the
+case, for instance, for DNS A records, HTTP headers, or log entries that represent sequential or repeated events.
+
+[discrete]
+[[logsdb-data-streams]]
+=== LogsDB for logs data streams
+
+In Elasticsearch, `logsdb` mode is applied by default for data streams whose name matches the pattern `logs-*-*`.
+This pattern identifies a logs data stream, and Elasticsearch automatically configures the data stream to use LogsDB.
+We recommend using `logsdb` index mode for data streams by means of standard or custom (component) templates.
+
+Users are allowed to opt out of `logsdb` index mode by overriding the `index.mode` setting in the index settings or by
+using composable or index templates to customize the indexing configuration. This allows for flexibility in choosing
+the appropriate indexing mode for different data streams if LogsDB is not desired.
+
+For data streams not matching the pattern `logs-*-*` and for standalone indices, users can still use the `index.mode`
+setting to enable LogsDB.
+
+[discrete]
+[[logsdb-sort-settings]]
+=== Index sort settings
+
+The following settings are applied by default when using the `logsdb` mode for index sorting:
+
+* `index.sort.field`: `["host.name", "@timestamp"]`
+  In `logsdb` mode, indices are sorted by `host.name` and `@timestamp` fields by default. For data streams, the
+  `@timestamp` field is automatically injected if it is not present.
+
+* `index.sort.order`: `["desc", "desc"]`
+  The default sort order for both fields is descending (`desc`), prioritizing the latest data.
+
+* `index.sort.mode`: `["min", "min"]`
+  The default sort mode is `min`, ensuring that indices are sorted by the minimum value of multi-valued fields.
+
+* `index.sort.missing`: `["_first", "_first"]`
+  Missing values are sorted to appear first (`_first`) in `logsdb` index mode.
+
+`logsdb` index mode allows users to override the default sort settings. For instance, users can specify their own fields
+and order for sorting by modifying the `index.sort.field` and `index.sort.order`.
+
+When using default sort settings, the `host.name` field is automatically injected into the mappings of the
+index as a `keyword` field to ensure that sorting can be applied. This guarantees that logs are efficiently sorted and
+retrieved based on the `host.name` and `@timestamp` fields.
+
+NOTE: If `subobjects` is set to `true` (which is the default), the `host.name` field will be mapped as an object field
+named `host`, containing a `name` child field of type `keyword`. On the other hand, if `subobjects` is set to `false`,
+a single `host.name` field will be mapped as a `keyword` field.
+
+Once an index is created, the sort settings are final and cannot be changed. If you need different sort settings,
+a new index must be created with the desired settings.
+
+If the default sort settings do not suit your use case, consider adjusting them. Keep in mind that sort settings
+will affect indexing throughput and query latency, as well as potentially impacting compression effectiveness
+due to how data is distributed after sorting.
+
+[discrete]
+[[logsdb-specialized-codecs]]
+=== Specialized codecs
+
+`logsdb` index mode uses the `best_compression` codec by default, which applies {wikipedia}/Zstd[ZSTD] compression to
+stored fields.
+
+Users are allowed to override the default compression codec. If desired, they can switch to the `best_speed`
+codec for faster compression at the expense of slightly larger storage footprint.
+
+* `index.codec`: `"best_compression"`
+  This is the default setting, applying {wikipedia}/Zstd[ZSTD] compression to stored fields for optimal storage
+  efficiency.
+
+* `index.codec`: `"best_speed"`
+  If faster indexing performance is required, users can opt for `best_speed` compression, which sacrifices some storage
+  efficiency for higher indexing throughput.
+
+`logsdb` index mode adopts specialized codecs for numeric doc values that are crafted to optimize storage usage.
+Users can rely on these specialized codecs being applied by default when using `logsdb` index mode.
+
+Doc values encoding for numeric fields in `logsdb` follows a static sequence of codecs, applying each one in the
+following order: delta encoding, offset encoding, GCD encoding, and finally Frame Of Reference (FOR) encoding.
+The decision to apply each encoding is based on heuristics determined by the data distribution. For example, before
+applying delta encoding, the algorithm checks if the data is monotonically non-decreasing or non-increasing. If the data
+fits this pattern, delta encoding is applied; otherwise, the next encoding is considered.
+
+The encoding is specific to each Lucene segment and is also re-applied at segment merging time. The merged Lucene segment
+may use a different encoding compared to the original Lucene segments, based on the characteristics of the merged data.
+
+The following methods are applied sequentially:
+
+* **Delta encoding**:
+  a compression method that stores the difference between consecutive values instead of the actual values.
+
+* **Offset encoding**:
+  a compression method that stores the difference from a base value rather than between consecutive values.
+
+* **Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) encoding**:
+  a compression method that finds the greatest common divisor of a set of values and stores the differences
+  as multiples of the GCD.
+
+* **Frame Of Reference (FOR) encoding**:
+  a compression method that determines the smallest number of bits required to encode a block of values and uses
+  bit-packing to fit such values into larger 64-bit blocks.
+
+For keyword fields, Run Length Encoding (RLE) is applied to the ordinals, which represent positions in the Lucene
+segment-level keyword dictionary. This compression is used when multiple consecutive documents share the same keyword.
+
+[discrete]
+[[logsdb-ignored-settings]]
+=== `ignore_malformed`, `ignore_above`, `ignore_dynamic_beyond_limit` and `_ignored_source`
+
+By default, `logsdb` index mode sets `ignore_malformed` to `true`. This setting allows documents with malformed fields
+to be indexed without causing indexing failures, ensuring that log data ingestion continues smoothly even when some
+fields contain invalid or improperly formatted data.
+
+Users can override this setting by setting `ignore_malformed` to `false`. However, this is not recommended as it might
+result in documents with malformed fields being rejected and not indexed at all.
+
+In `logsdb` index mode, the `index.mapping.ignore_above` setting is applied by default at the index level to ensure
+efficient storage and indexing of large text fields.The index-level default for `ignore_above` is set to 8191
+**characters**. If using UTF-8 encoding, this results in a limit of 32764 bytes, depending on character encoding.
+The mapping-level `ignore_above` setting still takes precedence. If a specific field has an `ignore_above` value
+defined in its mapping, that value will override the index-level `index.mapping.ignore_above` value. This default
+behavior helps to optimize indexing performance by preventing excessively large string values from being indexed, while
+still allowing users to customize the limit, overriding it at the mapping level or changing the index level default
+setting.
+
+In `logsdb` index mode, the setting `index.mapping.total_fields.ignore_dynamic_beyond_limit` is set to `true` by
+default. This allows dynamically mapped fields to be added on top of statically defined fields without causing document
+rejection, even after the total number of fields exceeds the limit defined by `index.mapping.total_fields.limit`. The
+`index.mapping.total_fields.limit` setting specifies the maximum number of fields an index can have (static, dynamic
+and runtime). When the limit is reached, new dynamically mapped fields will be ignored instead of failing the document
+indexing, ensuring continued log ingestion without errors.
+
+NOTE: When automatically injected, `host.name` and `timestamp` contribute to the limit of mapped fields. When
+`host.name` is mapped with `subobjects: true` it consists of two fields. When `host.name` is mapped with
+`subobjects: false` it only consists of one field.
+
+`logsdb` index mode uses a special field named `_ignored_source` that allows retrieving values for fields that have been
+ignored for various reasons (e.g., due to malformed data or indexing rules). This field ensures that even ignored
+field values can be accessed if needed. The `_ignored_source` field is not returned by default and must be explicitly
+requested via the <<search-fields,fields or stored fields>> API using `_ignored_source` as the field name.
+Additionally, the field is encoded, and the encoding format may change over time, so users should not rely on the
+encoding or the field name remaining the same.
+
+[discrete]
+[[logsdb-nodocvalue-fields]]
+=== Fields without doc values
+
+When `logsdb` index mode uses synthetic `_source`, and `doc_values` are disabled for a field in the mapping,
+Elasticsearch automatically sets the `store` setting to `true` for that field. This ensures that the field's data is
+still available for reconstructing the document’s source when retrieving it via <<synthetic-source,synthetic `_source`>>.
+This automatic adjustment allows synthetic source to work correctly, even when doc values are not enabled for certain
+fields.
+
+[discrete]
+[[logsdb-settings-summary]]
+=== LogsDB settings summary
+
+The following is a summary of key settings that apply when using `logsdb` index mode in Elasticsearch:
+
+* **`index.mode`**: `"logsdb"`
+
+* **`index.mapping.synthetic_source_keep`**: `"arrays"`
+
+* **`index.sort.field`**: `["host.name", "@timestamp"]`
+
+* **`index.sort.order`**: `["desc", "desc"]`
+
+* **`index.sort.mode`**: `["min", "min"]`
+
+* **`index.sort.missing`**: `["_first", "_first"]`
+
+* **`index.codec`**: `"best_compression"`
+
+* **`index.mapping.ignore_malformed`**: `true`
+
+* **`index.mapping.ignore_above`**: `8191`
+
+* **`index.mapping.total_fields.limit`**: 1000 (same as `"standard"` index mode)
+
+* **`index.mapping.total_fields.ignore_dynamic_beyond_limit`**: `true`