Avoid rewrite round_to with expensive queries

docs/changelog/135987.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pr: 135987
+summary: Avoid rewrite `round_to` with expensive queries
+area: ES|QL
+type: bug
+issues: []

x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/optimizer/rules/physical/local/ReplaceRoundToWithQueryAndTags.java

@@ -7,7 +7,16 @@
 
 package org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.optimizer.rules.physical.local;
 
+import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexMode;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.BoolQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.MatchAllQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.MatchNoneQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.MultiTermQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.PrefixQueryBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.RegexpQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.TermsQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.WildcardQueryBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.logging.LogManager;
 import org.elasticsearch.logging.Logger;
 import org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.core.expression.Alias;
@@ -275,7 +284,11 @@ protected PhysicalPlan rule(EvalExec evalExec, LocalPhysicalOptimizerContext ctx
             if (roundTos.size() == 1) {
                 RoundTo roundTo = roundTos.get(0);
                 int count = roundTo.points().size();
-                int roundingPointsUpperLimit = roundingPointsThreshold(ctx);
+                int roundingPointsUpperLimit = adjustedRoundingPointsThreshold(
+                    roundingPointsThreshold(ctx),
+                    queryExec.query(),
+                    queryExec.indexMode()
+                );
                 if (count > roundingPointsUpperLimit) {
                     logger.debug(
                         "Skipping RoundTo push down for [{}], as it has [{}] points, which is more than [{}]",
@@ -485,4 +498,52 @@ private int roundingPointsThreshold(LocalPhysicalOptimizerContext ctx) {
         }
         return roundingPointsThreshold;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * If the main query is expensive (such as including wildcard queries), executing more queries with tags is slower and more costly
+     * than executing fewer queries without tags and then reading points and rounding. The rounding points threshold is treated as the
+     * maximum number of clauses allowed to execute. We estimate the number of clauses in the main query and adjust the threshold so
+     * that the total number of clauses does not exceed the limit by too much. Some expensive queries count as more than one clause;
+     * for example, a wildcard query counts as 5 clauses, and a terms query counts as the number of terms.
+     */
+    static int adjustedRoundingPointsThreshold(int threshold, QueryBuilder query, IndexMode indexMode) {
+        int clauses = estimateQueryClauses(query) + 1;
+        if (indexMode == IndexMode.TIME_SERIES) {
+            // No doc partitioning for time_series sources; increase the threshold to trade overhead for parallelism.
+            threshold *= 2;
+        }
+        return Math.ceilDiv(threshold, clauses);
+    }
+
+    static int estimateQueryClauses(QueryBuilder q) {
+        if (q == null || q instanceof MatchAllQueryBuilder || q instanceof MatchNoneQueryBuilder) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (q instanceof WildcardQueryBuilder || q instanceof RegexpQueryBuilder || q instanceof PrefixQueryBuilder) {
+            return 5;
+        }
+        if (q instanceof MultiTermQueryBuilder) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+        if (q instanceof TermsQueryBuilder terms && terms.values() != null) {
+            return terms.values().size();
+        }
+        if (q instanceof BoolQueryBuilder bq) {
+            int total = 0;
+            for (var c : bq.filter()) {
+                total += estimateQueryClauses(c);
+            }
+            for (var c : bq.must()) {
+                total += estimateQueryClauses(c);
+            }
+            for (var c : bq.should()) {
+                total += estimateQueryClauses(c);
+            }
+            for (var c : bq.mustNot()) {
+                total += Math.max(2, estimateQueryClauses(c));
+            }
+            return total;
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
 }

x-pack/plugin/esql/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/optimizer/rules/physical/local/ReplaceRoundToWithQueryAndTagsTests.java

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
 
 import static org.elasticsearch.compute.aggregation.AggregatorMode.FINAL;
 import static org.elasticsearch.compute.aggregation.AggregatorMode.SINGLE;
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMATTER;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.dateNanosToLong;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.dateTimeToLong;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThan;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
 
 //@TestLogging(value = "org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql:TRACE", reason = "debug")
@@ -537,6 +540,64 @@ public void testRoundToTransformToQueryAndTagsWithCustomizedUpperLimit() {
         }
     }
 
+    static String points(int numPoints) {
+        return IntStream.range(0, numPoints).mapToObj(Integer::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(","));
+    }
+
+    public void testAdjustThresholdForQueries() {
+        {
+            String q = String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                from test
+                | stats count(*) by x = round_to(integer, %s)
+                """, points(between(1, 128)));
+            PhysicalPlan plan = plannerOptimizer.plan(q, searchStats, makeAnalyzer("mapping-all-types.json"));
+            EsQueryExec esQuery = (EsQueryExec) plan.collectFirstChildren(EsQueryExec.class::isInstance).getFirst();
+            assertThat(esQuery.queryBuilderAndTags().size(), greaterThan(1));
+        }
+        {
+            String q = String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                from test
+                | where date >= "2023-10-19"
+                | stats count(*) by x = round_to(integer, %s)
+                """, points(between(1, 63)));
+            PhysicalPlan plan = plannerOptimizer.plan(q, searchStats, makeAnalyzer("mapping-all-types.json"));
+            EsQueryExec esQuery = (EsQueryExec) plan.collectFirstChildren(EsQueryExec.class::isInstance).getFirst();
+            assertThat(esQuery.queryBuilderAndTags().size(), greaterThan(1));
+        }
+        {
+            String q = String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                from test
+                | where date >= "2023-10-19"
+                | stats count(*) by x = round_to(integer, %s)
+                """, points(between(65, 128)));
+            PhysicalPlan plan = plannerOptimizer.plan(q, searchStats, makeAnalyzer("mapping-all-types.json"));
+            EsQueryExec esQuery = (EsQueryExec) plan.collectFirstChildren(EsQueryExec.class::isInstance).getFirst();
+            assertThat(esQuery.queryBuilderAndTags().size(), equalTo(1));
+        }
+        {
+            String q = String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                from test
+                | where date >= "2023-10-19"
+                | where keyword LIKE "w*"
+                | stats count(*) by x = round_to(integer, %s)
+                """, points(between(1, 19)));
+            PhysicalPlan plan = plannerOptimizer.plan(q, searchStats, makeAnalyzer("mapping-all-types.json"));
+            EsQueryExec esQuery = (EsQueryExec) plan.collectFirstChildren(EsQueryExec.class::isInstance).getFirst();
+            assertThat(esQuery.queryBuilderAndTags().size(), greaterThan(1));
+        }
+        {
+            String q = String.format(Locale.ROOT, """
+                from test
+                | where date >= "2023-10-19"
+                | where keyword LIKE "*w*"
+                | stats count(*) by x = round_to(integer, %s)
+                """, points(between(20, 128)));
+            PhysicalPlan plan = plannerOptimizer.plan(q, searchStats, makeAnalyzer("mapping-all-types.json"));
+            EsQueryExec esQuery = (EsQueryExec) plan.collectFirstChildren(EsQueryExec.class::isInstance).getFirst();
+            assertThat(esQuery.queryBuilderAndTags().size(), equalTo(1));
+        }
+    }
+
     private static void verifyQueryAndTags(List<EsQueryExec.QueryBuilderAndTags> expected, List<EsQueryExec.QueryBuilderAndTags> actual) {
         assertEquals(expected.size(), actual.size());
         for (int i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {