BLE: `BLECharacteristic::setValue()` cleanup and optimization #5014

Job	Run time
Push event file	3s
Generate matrix	4s
Build (validation, esp32h2) / Build validation tests for esp32h2	3m 44s
Build (validation, esp32) / Build validation tests for esp32	5m 20s
Build (validation, esp32s2) / Build validation tests for esp32s2	5m 28s
Build (validation, esp32p4) / Build validation tests for esp32p4	4m 17s
Build (validation, esp32s3) / Build validation tests for esp32s3	6m 16s
Build (validation, esp32c6) / Build validation tests for esp32c6	4m 35s
Build (validation, esp32c3) / Build validation tests for esp32c3	3m 54s
Hardware	0s
QEMU	0s
	33m 41s

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