BLE: `BLECharacteristic::setValue()` cleanup and optimization #5016

Job	Run time
Generate matrix	6s
Push event file	3s
Build (validation, esp32p4) / Build validation tests for esp32p4	7s
Build (validation, esp32h2) / Build validation tests for esp32h2	7s
Build (validation, esp32) / Build validation tests for esp32	8s
Build (validation, esp32s2) / Build validation tests for esp32s2	8s
Build (validation, esp32s3) / Build validation tests for esp32s3	10s
Build (validation, esp32c6) / Build validation tests for esp32c6	12s
Build (validation, esp32c3) / Build validation tests for esp32c3	8s
Hardware	0s
QEMU	0s
	1m 9s

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