Add Trace Validation Harness for Extended TLA+ Spec

[Qian-Cheng-nju]

This PR adds instrumentation code for generating execution traces from raft tests, which can be validated against the TLA+ specification in tla/extended_spec/ (mentioned in #381). The instrumentation uses Go build tags (//go:build with_tla) to ensure zero overhead in production builds. See tla/extended_spec/harness/README.md for usage instructions.

[k8s-ci-robot]

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Hi @Qian-Cheng-nju. Thanks for your PR.

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