feat(spec-specs): implement EIP-8037 state creation gas cost increase by spencer-tb · Pull Request #2181 · ethereum/execution-specs

spencer-tb · 2026-02-10T13:24:48Z

🗒️ Description

Implement EIP-8037: State Creation Gas Cost Increase on top of the Amsterdam fork, with spec alignment updates and bug fixes.

Key Changes

Two-dimensional gas metering: Split gas into REGULAR (computation, memory) and STATE (account creation, storage set, code deposit) via GasType enum.
Dynamic cost_per_state_byte: Scales with block gas limit targeting 100 GiB annual state growth, using binary floating-point quantization (CPSB_SIGNIFICANT_BITS=4, CPSB_OFFSET=4451).
Reservoir model: Execution gas split into gas_left (capped at TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT) and state_gas_reservoir. State gas draws from reservoir first, then gas_left.
Block accounting: header.gas_used = max(block_regular_gas_used, block_state_gas_used).
Harmonized state byte constants: NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES=112, STORAGE_SET_BYTES=32, PER_AUTH_BASE_BYTES=23.

Updates on top of original implementation

Aligned quantization formula with latest EIP spec revision (EIPs PR #11292)
Fixed Uint underflow in get_state_gas_per_byte at gas limits below 13M
Fixed t8n_types.py crash from removed block_gas_used field
Attributed burned gas to correct dimension on ExceptionalHalt
Removed dead block_gas_used_in_tx variable and fixed cumulative_gas_used to use post floor value

🔗 Related Issues or PRs

EIP spec update: ethereum/EIPs#11292

issue #2040

✅ Checklist

All: Ran fast tox checks to avoid unnecessary CI fails, see also Code Standards and Enabling Pre-commit Checks:
```
uvx tox -e static
```
All: PR title adheres to the repo standard - it will be used as the squash commit message and should start type(scope):.
All: Considered updating the online docs in the ./docs/ directory.
All: Set appropriate labels for the changes (only maintainers can apply labels).

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Add GasType enum (REGULAR, STATE) and state growth metering constants (NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES, STORAGE_SET_BYTES, PER_AUTH_BASE_BYTES, etc.). Modify charge_gas() to support dual gas dimensions with reservoir model for state gas: state gas draws from state_gas_reservoir_left first, then gas_left when the reservoir is empty. Add state_gas_reservoir to Message and TransactionEnvironment, state_gas_reservoir_left and gas_used tracking to Evm, and dual gas accounting (block_regular_gas_used, block_state_gas_used, cumulative_gas_used) to BlockOutput. Implement get_state_gas_per_byte() with proportional quantization (~3% step, level-independent crossing speed ~32 blocks). Update incorporate_child_on_success/error to propagate state_gas_reservoir_left and per-type gas_used (delta-based).

Split intrinsic gas into regular and state dimensions. validate_transaction now accepts gas_limit and returns (intrinsic_regular_gas, intrinsic_state_gas, calldata_floor_gas_cost). CREATE transactions charge REGULAR_GAS_CREATE (regular) + NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES * state_gas_per_byte (state). EIP-7702 authorizations charge PER_AUTH_BASE_COST (7500 regular) + (NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES + PER_AUTH_BASE_BYTES) * sgpb (state). Validation enforces that intrinsic regular gas and calldata floor both fit within TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT (16M), rather than capping tx.gas itself, since state gas can use the full tx.gas budget.

Implement reservoir model in process_transaction: split execution gas into regular_gas_budget (capped at TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT - intrinsic_regular) and state_gas_reservoir (the remainder). Track block_regular_gas_used and block_state_gas_used separately, with block header gas_used = max(regular, state). Apply EIP-7623 calldata floor to block-level regular gas accounting. check_transaction validates regular and state gas limits independently: regular gas is capped at TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT per-tx, while state gas can use full tx.gas. tx_gas_used uses tx.gas - gas_left - reservoir_left (correctly accounts for both gas pools). gas_used tracks execution charges as deltas; intrinsic gas is added separately for block accounting, reflecting set_delegation adjustments. Receipt cumulative_gas_used tracks cumulative user payments (post-refund, post-floor), so receipt[i] - receipt[i-1] gives per-tx gas consumption.

SSTORE 0->non-zero: charge STORAGE_SET_BYTES * sgpb as state gas, plus GAS_STORAGE_UPDATE - GAS_COLD_SLOAD as regular gas. Refund for 0->X->0 restoration includes both state gas and the regular write cost (cancelled writes don't do IO). CREATE/CREATE2: split into REGULAR_GAS_CREATE (regular) + NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES * sgpb (state). Code deposit charges len(code) * sgpb (state) + keccak256 hash cost (regular). CALL to new account: replace GAS_NEW_ACCOUNT with NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES * sgpb (state). SELFDESTRUCT to new: likewise replaced with state gas. All CALL variants pass full reservoir to children (no 63/64 rule for state gas) and use _escrow_subcall_regular_gas to avoid double-counting forwarded gas in the caller's gas_used. set_delegation: adjusts intrinsic_state_gas downward for existing accounts (instead of using refund_counter), returns None. ExceptionalHalt: zero both gas_left and state_gas_reservoir_left. AddressCollision: zero both gas pools and gas_used. process_message/process_create_message: pass state_gas_reservoir from TransactionEnvironment through Message to Evm.

- Update quantization formula to use CPSB_SIGNIFICANT_BITS=4 and CPSB_OFFSET=4451 (binary floating-point quantization) - Update REGULAR_GAS_CREATE from 2600 to 9000 (same as GAS_CALL_VALUE) - Consolidate TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT import in fork.py - Remove unused TransactionGasLimitExceededError

- Remove `block_gas_used_in_tx` which was a leftover from EIP-7778's single-dimension gas accounting, made dead by EIP-8037's two-dimensional block accounting (block_regular_gas_used / block_state_gas_used). - Fix `cumulative_gas_used` to accumulate post-floor `tx_gas_used` instead of pre-floor `tx_gas_used_after_refund`, ensuring the calldata floor is reflected in receipts.

The t8n tool referenced `block_output.block_gas_used` which no longer exists in Amsterdam's BlockOutput. Use `max(block_regular_gas_used, block_state_gas_used)` per EIP-8037, with a hasattr fallback for older forks that still have `block_gas_used`.

The quantized value can be less than CPSB_OFFSET when the gas limit is below ~13M, causing an unsigned integer underflow before max() can clamp the result. Use an explicit comparison to avoid the underflow and return the floor value of 1.

- Attribute remaining gas_left to REGULAR and state_gas_reservoir_left to STATE in gas_used dict before zeroing on ExceptionalHalt, so block-level two-dimensional accounting is accurate for halted frames. - Fix PER_AUTH_BASE_COST comment (breakdown was inaccurate). - Add missing docstring for TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT constant. - Fix stale __all__ in vm/__init__.py (Environment -> BlockEnvironment, add GasType).

Move GasType enum below all imports to fix E402 module-level import ordering. Fix import block sorting in interpreter.py.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T17:50:12Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/utils/message.py

        caller=tx_env.origin,
        target=tx.to,
        gas=tx_env.gas,
+        state_gas_reservoir=tx_env.state_gas_reservoir,


Not necessarily anything wrong, but if we're already providing the tx_env, why do we need to duplicate it inside of Message?

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T17:50:53Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/vm/gas.py

    sub_call: Uint


+def get_state_gas_per_byte(gas_limit: Uint) -> Uint:


Suggested change

def get_state_gas_per_byte(gas_limit: Uint) -> Uint:

def state_gas_per_byte(gas_limit: Uint) -> Uint:

Little benefit to including the get_ prefix.

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T17:54:57Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/vm/gas.py


-def charge_gas(evm: Evm, amount: Uint) -> None:
+def charge_gas(
+    evm: Evm, amount: Uint, gas_type: GasType = GasType.REGULAR


Instead of using an enum to change behaviour, would it make more sense to create a charge_state_gas function?

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T17:56:02Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/vm/instructions/system.py

+    charge_gas(evm, REGULAR_GAS_CREATE + extend_memory.cost + init_code_gas)
+    charge_gas(evm, NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES * state_gas_per_byte, GasType.STATE)


charge_gas may only be called exactly once per opcode, otherwise you'll emit multiple trace events.

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T17:56:38Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/vm/instructions/system.py

    )


+def _escrow_subcall_regular_gas(evm: Evm, sub_call_gas: Uint) -> None:


We don't normally use underscore prefixed names.

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T18:48:24Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/transactions.py

-def calculate_intrinsic_cost(tx: Transaction) -> Tuple[Uint, Uint]:
+def calculate_intrinsic_cost(
+    tx: Transaction, gas_limit: Uint
+) -> Tuple[Uint, Uint, Uint]:


This is approaching the level of complexity where named return values might be necessary, like with a dataclass.

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T18:49:33Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/transactions.py

-    data_cost = tokens_in_calldata * STANDARD_CALLDATA_TOKEN_COST
+    data_gas = tokens_in_calldata * STANDARD_CALLDATA_TOKEN_COST


Are these renames part of Amsterdam, or just general improvements? If it's the latter, you'll need to backport them.

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T18:50:26Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/transactions.py

+        auth_state_gas = (
+            (NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES + PER_AUTH_BASE_BYTES)
+            * state_gas_per_byte
+            * Uint(len(tx.authorizations))


We have ulen for this if you'd like.

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T18:51:22Z

src/ethereum/forks/amsterdam/transactions.py

+    intrinsic_regular_gas = Uint(
+        TX_BASE_COST
+        + data_gas
+        + create_regular_gas
+        + access_list_gas
+        + auth_regular_gas
    )


Hm, the wrapping cast to Uint seems weird to me. Are the values not all already Uint?

SamWilsn · 2026-02-11T18:52:14Z

src/ethereum_spec_tools/evm_tools/t8n/t8n_types.py

+                block_output.block_state_gas_used,
+            )
+        else:
+            self.gas_used = block_output.block_gas_used


This seems like an argument for backporting the block_gas_used -> block_regular_gas_used name.

fradamt and others added 10 commits February 10, 2026 13:20

chore: add CPSB, ceil32, quantized to spell-check whitelist

f88b327

spencer-tb added A-spec-specs Area: Specification—The Ethereum specification itself (eg. `src/ethereum/*`) C-feat Category: an improvement or new feature P-high labels Feb 10, 2026

spencer-tb changed the title ~~feat(amsterdam): implement EIP-8037 state creation gas cost increase~~ feat(spec-specs): implement EIP-8037 state creation gas cost increase Feb 10, 2026

spencer-tb and others added 3 commits February 10, 2026 13:30

fix: resolve ruff E402 and import sorting issues

7b55fa2

Move GasType enum below all imports to fix E402 module-level import ordering. Fix import block sorting in interpreter.py.

chore: restore TransactionGasLimitExceededError exception class

d317c28

style: fix ruff format whitespace issues

f63ca82

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

SamWilsn reviewed Feb 11, 2026

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feat(spec-specs): implement EIP-8037 state creation gas cost increase#2181

feat(spec-specs): implement EIP-8037 state creation gas cost increase#2181
spencer-tb wants to merge 13 commits intoethereum:eips/amsterdam/eip-8037from
spencer-tb:eips/amsterdam/eip-8037

spencer-tb commented Feb 10, 2026 •

edited by LouisTsai-Csie

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		sub_call: Uint


		def get_state_gas_per_byte(gas_limit: Uint) -> Uint:

	def get_state_gas_per_byte(gas_limit: Uint) -> Uint:
	def state_gas_per_byte(gas_limit: Uint) -> Uint:

		charge_gas(evm, REGULAR_GAS_CREATE + extend_memory.cost + init_code_gas)
		charge_gas(evm, NEW_ACCOUNT_BYTES * state_gas_per_byte, GasType.STATE)

		)


		def _escrow_subcall_regular_gas(evm: Evm, sub_call_gas: Uint) -> None:

		data_cost = tokens_in_calldata * STANDARD_CALLDATA_TOKEN_COST
		data_gas = tokens_in_calldata * STANDARD_CALLDATA_TOKEN_COST

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spencer-tb commented Feb 10, 2026 • edited by LouisTsai-Csie Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

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🗒️ Description

Key Changes

Updates on top of original implementation

🔗 Related Issues or PRs

✅ Checklist

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spencer-tb commented Feb 10, 2026 •

edited by LouisTsai-Csie

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