Refactor Dockerfile: Add Optimizations for Building Dependencies in Dockerfile

[menotthakur]

Adding optimization for Building Dependencies

• Use --no-cache and --no-install-recommends to reduce image size
  Clean up package cache after install

Effect:

• Easier to maintain and update
• More consistent with Docker community standards
• Slightly smaller and cleaner image

[github-actions]

Thank you for your contribution to the Solidity compiler! A team member will follow up shortly.

If you haven't read our contributing guidelines and our review checklist before, please do it now, this makes the reviewing process and accepting your contribution smoother.

If you have any questions or need our help, feel free to post them in the PR or talk to us directly on the #solidity-dev channel on Matrix.