v1.9.0

Main Changes

• Two new chapters related to build aspects: Build Size and Build Time.
• Reorganized "Basic Concepts II" into two chapters, splitting integer and floating-point topics.

Full Changelog

Preparation:

• Improved IDE/Editor section, added cursor and void.
• Added C++ standard adoption (JetBrains Developer Ecosystem).
• Listed C++ main conferences.

Basic Concepts I:

• Improved "Implicit Promotion" section.
• Added special cases for ! and bitwise shift promotion.
• Fixed wrong case of undefined behavior in function evaluation.
• Added float128 in the list of floating-point types.
• Added numeric_limits example.
• Specified two's complement in C++ for signed integer types.
• Slightly improved the "Language Types" section organization.

Basic Concepts II - Integer Types:

• Fixed usage of z suffix.
• Added two small examples of undefined behavior.
• Improved "Arithmetic Types - Promotion and Conversion Rules" section.
• Slightly improved int/unisgned properties.
• Improved "Undefined Behavior of Signed Integer" section.

Basic Concepts II - Floating-Point Types:

• Improved "IEEE floating-point and C++" introduction.
• Fixed "Inf Behavior" that leads to NaN (Special Values Behavior).
• Updated IEEE754 visualization and converter links.

Basic Concepts IV:

• Improved description of attributes for lambda expressions.
• Further clarification of constexpr evaluation.
• Added [[indeterminate]] attribute.

Basic Concepts V:

• Added the alignof operator and improved the sizeof section.
• Added C++26 constexpr relaxation.
• Added a section for constexpr objects.
• Fixed wrong structure size in [[no_unique_address]] section.
• Improved "Structure initialization - brace or equal" section.
• Added a section "Fixed-Size Arrays".

Basic Concepts VI:

• Added an example of C++23 lambda with the static call operator.
• Explained how a lambda is translated into a function object.
• Explained lambda trailing return type.
• Explained the introduction of a new variable in the capture list of a lambda.
• Improved constexpr lambda explanation in C++17.
• Provided a better solution for "Preprocessing - Common Error 2".
• Improved the "Macro" section.

Object-Oriented Programming I:

• Improved "Defaulted Constructors, Destructor, and Operators" section.
• Clarified noexcept behavior with defaulted = default methods.

Object-Oriented Programming II:

• Explained C++20 operator!= overloading behavior.

Templates and Meta-programming I:

• Described the difference between decltype(T{}+R{}) vs. std::common_type.

Templates and Meta-programming II:

• Found a better way to resolve CTAD limitations.

Translation Units I:

• Improved "Linkage" introduction.
• Added a small section "Declarations and Definitions in Header and Source Files".
• Described symbol visibility.

Code Conventions II:

• Added "Literal" section.

Debugging:

• Created a new section for "Static Analyzers".
• Added results for "Static Analysis Tools Effectiveness".
• Added NASA IKOS static analyzer.
• Improved "C++ standard library hardening" section.
• Added Google result for standard library hardening.
• Added Microsoft STL hardening.
• Added clang safe buffer programming model.
• Added a study related to the impact of compiler warnings.
• Created a new section "Code Complexity".
• Added Debian test case for cppcheck.
• Added -ftrapv flag to prevent undefined behavior.
• Added "Type Sanitizer" section.
• Added "Contracts" section.
• Improved "Overview" and "Assertions" sections.
• Added Cpptrace and Backward libraries.
• Added reference to MSVC AddressSanitizer.

Ecosystem:

• Removed cloc, added tokei and scc.
• Added compiler-explorer features and extended its description.
• Added SourceTrail - Project Visualization.
• Added Mr.Docs.
• Added AST diff.
• Added ast-grep.

Utilities:

• Added "C++ Views" introduction.
• Added std::mdspan.
• Significantly improved std::span section.
• Added "True Random Number Generator (TRNG)" description.

Iterators, Containers, Algorithms:

• Described pro/cons of using std::array instead of raw arrays.

Advanced Topics II:

• Mentioned C++26 rule that disallows binding a returned reference to a temporary.

Optimizations I:

• Added "Amazon PageSpeed" case.

Optimizations II:

• Improved "Inlining" description.
• Described function inlining warning -Winline.
• Added "one-character commit" (Meta) case study.
• Improved "Pure" and "Constant" functions section.
• Improved "Exception" effects on performance.
• Added constexpr vs. static constexpr.

Optimization III:

• Added "Automatic Feedback-Directed Optimization (AutoFDO)" description.
• Added "Compiler Optimization Remarks" description.
• Added "Compression Libraries".
• Improved "Performance Benchmarking" section.
• Added "Program Memory Layout compiler options".
• Improved "Architecture Flags" section.
• Added VS2026 performance improvement.

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Thanks for all feedback and contributions: @ValentinoGuerrini, @nicolaszzhao, @bnbolo, @lingeandrea, @eddelbuettel, @leofracca, @mmorawiec, @linesight, @alarxx, @fdila, @bitorangej, @roshankarande, @hsunchiu, @c02y.

Special thanks to @oleksandr-pavlyk and @krzysztofkortas for many opened issues.