refactor(core): make search debounce time extensible

[DavideIadeluca]

2.x equivalent to #4171

Fixes #0000
Third-party extensions might want to adjust the search debounce time. Currently, it's very hard to customize this value.

Changes proposed in this pull request:
Create a new constant SEARCH_DEBOUNCE_TIME_MS for the search debounce timeout. Allows to third-party extensions to easily customize this value.

Reviewers should focus on:

Screenshot

Necessity

• Has the problem that is being solved here been clearly explained?
• If applicable, have various options for solving this problem been considered?
• For core PRs, does this need to be in core, or could it be in an extension?
• Are we willing to maintain this for years / potentially forever?

Confirmed

• Frontend changes: tested on a local Flarum installation.
• Backend changes: tests are green (run composer test).
• Core developer confirmed locally this works as intended.
• Tests have been added, or are not appropriate here.

Required changes:

• Related documentation PR: (Remove if irrelevant)