[go_router] Add TypedGoRouteParameter annotation

[ValentinVignal]

Relates to flutter/flutter#112152

Adds TypedGoRouteParameter annotation

Pre-Review Checklist

• I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
• I read the Tree Hygiene page, which explains my responsibilities.
• I read and followed the relevant style guides and ran the auto-formatter.
• I signed the CLA.
• The title of the PR starts with the name of the package surrounded by square brackets, e.g. [shared_preferences]
• I linked to at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above.
• I updated pubspec.yaml with an appropriate new version according to the pub versioning philosophy, or I have commented below to indicate which version change exemption this PR falls under¹.
• I updated CHANGELOG.md to add a description of the change, following repository CHANGELOG style, or I have commented below to indicate which CHANGELOG exemption this PR falls under¹.
• I updated/added any relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
• I added new tests to check the change I am making, or I have commented below to indicate which test exemption this PR falls under¹.
• All existing and new tests are passing.

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Footnotes

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request introduces the TypedGoRouteParameter annotation, which allows developers to customize URI parameter names in type-safe routes. The changes include the new annotation class, updates to the pubspec.yaml and CHANGELOG.md, and a unit test for the new class. My feedback focuses on ensuring the documentation for this new feature is clear and consistent with existing conventions.

[ValentinVignal]

go_router_builder PR: #10793