feat(nuxt): Instrument server cache API

[logaretm]

Adds Nitro/Nuxt Cache API instrumentation by building upon the storage instrumentation in #17858 since both use unstorage under the hood.

How it works

Nitro injects the cache storage on either cache: or the root mount depending on user configuration, also in production the cache storage is placed on the root mount unless the user configures it explicitly to redis or something else. We instrument both mount drivers to cover other cache use cases.

---

I made sure to add e2e tests as well for cachedEventListner and cachedFunction calls which are the main ways to use the Cache API.

This PR depends on the storage PR #17858.

[linear]

JS-1023 [Nuxt/Nitro] Instrument Cache

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	24.26 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	22.77 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	40.45 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	78.83 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	68.47 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	83.5 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	95.69 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	40.97 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	28.91 kB	added	added
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	33.84 kB	added	added
@sentry/react	25.98 kB	added	added
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	42.42 kB	added	added
@sentry/vue	28.77 kB	added	added
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	42.26 kB	added	added
@sentry/svelte	24.29 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle	25.77 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	40.33 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	76.58 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	82.08 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	75.35 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	119.36 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	234.52 kB	added	added
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	247.28 kB	added	added
@sentry/nextjs (client)	44.42 kB	added	added
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	40.87 kB	added	added
@sentry/node-core	50.56 kB	added	added
@sentry/node	154.19 kB	added	added
@sentry/node - without tracing	92.42 kB	added	added
@sentry/aws-serverless	106.14 kB	added	added