Centralize minimum version checking

[sentrivana]

For populating tox automatically, we need to store min versions of frameworks/libraries in a programmatically accessible place.

The obvious place for this would be in each integration; however, since integrations can't be imported unless the respective framework is installed, this couldn't be used from the script (unless we'd always install all requirements of all integrations prior to running it, which takes a non trivial amount of time). So instead I've opted for a central place within sentry_sdk/integrations/__init__.py.

Note: the min versions probably need updating. Not sure when this was last done, but some of them look quite ancient and we probably don't support them because we'd already dropped the last Python version they'd be able to run on.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.00000% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.21%. Comparing base (4432e26) to head (d16a497).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sentry_sdk/integrations/__init__.py	40.00%	3 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3910      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   79.83%   80.21%   +0.37%     
==========================================
  Files         140      140              
  Lines       15451    15412      -39     
  Branches     2625     2593      -32     
==========================================
+ Hits        12335    12362      +27     
+ Misses       2240     2207      -33     
+ Partials      876      843      -33     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sentry_sdk/integrations/aiohttp.py	80.11% <100.00%> (+1.90%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/anthropic.py	84.70% <100.00%> (+2.04%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/ariadne.py	87.50% <100.00%> (+3.98%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/arq.py	89.84% <100.00%> (+2.82%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/asyncpg.py	91.07% <100.00%> (+1.69%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/boto3.py	82.27% <100.00%> (+4.22%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/bottle.py	84.90% <100.00%> (+3.25%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/celery/__init__.py	86.55% <100.00%> (+0.78%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/clickhouse_driver.py	91.76% <100.00%> (+2.22%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/integrations/django/__init__.py	81.48% <100.00%> (+0.47%)	⬆️
... and 11 more

... and 5 files with indirect coverage changes