feat(tracing): Add option to exclude specific span origins

[sentrivana]

Allow to turn off span creation based on span origin.

This is a nice-to-have that's useful when you're double instrumenting a library with e.g. Sentry and OpenTelemetry and you want to turn off Sentry spans. (On the OTel side you can also disable specific instrumentation. By adding the possibility to do this on the Sentry side of things, we enable users to pick whichever they prefer.)

❗ Caveats to consider before approving this:

• Any child spans of ignored spans will be promoted to transactions unless they have only_if_parent=True. (This will need to be documented in the docs.)
• It can be (mis)used for filtering out any kind of spans outside of any dual OTel/Sentry scenario, basically as a workaround for the missing ignore_spans option that's been requested over and over again.
• As an alternative, span creation can also be turned off by simply disabling an integration. However, that also disables error capturing and anything else the integration does on top.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 84.61538% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 84.91%. Comparing base (03659a4) to head (3b72b0c).
Report is 7 commits behind head on potel-base.

✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sentry_sdk/tracing_utils.py	75.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff               @@
##           potel-base    #4463      +/-   ##
==============================================
- Coverage       84.92%   84.91%   -0.02%     
==============================================
  Files             158      158              
  Lines           15361    15372      +11     
  Branches         2422     2425       +3     
==============================================
+ Hits            13046    13053       +7     
- Misses           1569     1570       +1     
- Partials          746      749       +3     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sentry_sdk/consts.py	99.66% <ø> (ø)
sentry_sdk/tracing.py	81.66% <100.00%> (+0.19%)	⬆️
sentry_sdk/tracing_utils.py	84.17% <75.00%> (-0.18%)	⬇️

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes