feat(integrations): add ability to auto-deactivate lower-level integrations based on map

[shellmayr]

• Add a map that contains integrations that should be deactivated when others are active to prevent duplicate spans, etc.
• Allow positive and negative overrides by users
• Add the existing langchain deactivations for anthropic and openai
• Simplifies setup for users, because they don't have to add the lower level integrations to the disabled integrations array in the init

Closes TET-1304

[linear]

TET-1304 Python: Disable conflicting integrations during import

[shellmayr]

This is not great, because we may introduce typos. Not sure if we can make this somewhat more integration without importing the integrations (which we don't want to do for obvious reasons)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 84.61538% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 83.98%. Comparing base (2d49b74) to head (1c9a231).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on master.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sentry_sdk/integrations/__init__.py	84.61%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #5052      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   83.93%   83.98%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         179      179              
  Lines       17893    17899       +6     
  Branches     3181     3187       +6     
==========================================
+ Hits        15019    15032      +13     
+ Misses       1909     1899      -10     
- Partials      965      968       +3     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sentry_sdk/integrations/__init__.py	86.95% <84.61%> (-0.55%)	⬇️

... and 6 files with indirect coverage changes