hiero-ledger · exploreriii · Jan 8, 2026 · Dec 22, 2025 · Jan 4, 2026 · Jan 6, 2026
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -143,6 +143,8 @@ This changelog is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.
 - Enhance assignment bot to guard against users with spam PRs `.github/scripts/bot-assignment-check.sh`
 - Add CodeRabbit documentation review prompts for docs, sdk_users, and sdk_developers with priorities, philosophy, and edge case checks. ([#1236](https://github.com/hiero-ledger/hiero-sdk-python/issues/1236))
 - Enhance NodeAddress tests with additional coverage for proto conversion `tests/unit/node_address_test.py`
+- Replaced deprecated `AccountCreateTransaction.set_key()` usage with `set_key_without_alias()` and `set_key_with_alias()` across examples and tests
+
 
 ### Fixed
 - GFI workflow casing 

diff --git a/docs/sdk_users/running_examples.md b/docs/sdk_users/running_examples.md
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ transaction.execute(client)
 ```
 transaction = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(initial_balance)
         .set_account_memo("Test")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/account/account_allowance_approve_transaction_hbar.py b/examples/account/account_allowance_approve_transaction_hbar.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def create_account(client: Client):
 
     account_receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .set_account_memo("Account for hbar allowance")
         .execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/account/account_allowance_approve_transaction_nft.py b/examples/account/account_allowance_approve_transaction_nft.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def create_account(client, memo="Test Account"):
 
     tx = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(10))
         .set_account_memo(memo)
         .execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/account/account_allowance_delete_transaction_hbar.py b/examples/account/account_allowance_delete_transaction_hbar.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def create_account(client: Client):
 
     account_receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .set_account_memo("Account for hbar allowance")
         .execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/account/account_allowance_delete_transaction_nft.py b/examples/account/account_allowance_delete_transaction_nft.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def create_account(client, memo="Test Account"):
 
     tx = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(10))
         .set_account_memo(memo)
         .execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/account/account_create_transaction.py b/examples/account/account_create_transaction.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def create_new_account(client: Client) -> None:
 
     transaction = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(100000000)  # 1 HBAR in tinybars
         .set_account_memo("My new account")
     )

diff --git a/examples/account/account_delete_transaction.py b/examples/account/account_delete_transaction.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def create_account(client):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .set_account_memo("Test account for delete")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/account/account_records_query.py b/examples/account/account_records_query.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def create_account(client):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(2))
         .set_account_memo("Test account for records query")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/account/account_update_transaction.py b/examples/account/account_update_transaction.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def create_account(client):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .set_account_memo("Test account for update")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/consensus/topic_create_transaction_revenue_generating.py b/examples/consensus/topic_create_transaction_revenue_generating.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def create_account(client, name, initial_balance=Hbar(10)):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(initial_balance)
         .execute(client)
     )

diff --git a/examples/logger/logging_example.py b/examples/logger/logging_example.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def create_account(client, new_key, description=""):
     # Create account transaction
     transaction = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_key.public_key())
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_key.public_key())
         .set_initial_balance(100000000)  # 1 HBAR in tinybars
         .freeze_with(client)
         .sign(operator_key)

diff --git a/examples/query/account_balance_query_2.py b/examples/query/account_balance_query_2.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def create_account(client, name, initial_balance=Hbar(10)):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(initial_balance)
         .execute(client)
     )

diff --git a/examples/query/account_info_query.py b/examples/query/account_info_query.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def create_test_account(client, operator_key):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .set_account_memo("Test account memo")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/query/transaction_get_receipt_query.py b/examples/query/transaction_get_receipt_query.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def create_account(client, operator_key):
     try:
         tx = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(recipient_key.public_key())
+            .set_key_without_alias(recipient_key.public_key())
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar.from_tinybars(100_000_000))
         )
         receipt = tx.freeze_with(client).sign(operator_key).execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/query/transaction_record_query.py b/examples/query/transaction_record_query.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def create_account_transaction(client):
     # Create the account
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_key.public_key())
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_key.public_key())
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .execute(client)
     )

diff --git a/examples/schedule/schedule_create_transaction.py b/examples/schedule/schedule_create_transaction.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def create_account(client):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(2))
         .set_account_memo("Test account for schedule")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/schedule/schedule_delete_transaction.py b/examples/schedule/schedule_delete_transaction.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def create_account(client):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(2))
         .set_account_memo("Test account for schedule")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/schedule/schedule_info_query.py b/examples/schedule/schedule_info_query.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def create_account(client):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(2))
         .set_account_memo("Test account for schedule")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/schedule/schedule_sign_transaction.py b/examples/schedule/schedule_sign_transaction.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def create_account(client):
 
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(2))
         .set_account_memo("Test account for schedule sign")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/account_allowance_approve_transaction.py b/examples/tokens/account_allowance_approve_transaction.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def create_account(client):
 
     account_receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .set_account_memo("Account for token allowance")
         .execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_airdrop_claim_auto.py b/examples/tokens/token_airdrop_claim_auto.py
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def create_receiver(
     try:
         receipt = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(receiver_public_key)
+            .set_key_without_alias(receiver_public_key)
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
             .set_receiver_signature_required(signature_required)
             .set_max_automatic_token_associations(max_auto_assoc)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_airdrop_claim_signature_required.py b/examples/tokens/token_airdrop_claim_signature_required.py
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def create_receiver(
     try:
         receipt = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(receiver_public_key)
+            .set_key_without_alias(receiver_public_key)
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
             .set_receiver_signature_required(signature_required)
             .set_max_automatic_token_associations(max_auto_assoc)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_airdrop_transaction.py b/examples/tokens/token_airdrop_transaction.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def create_account(client, operator_key):
     try:
         account_tx = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(recipient_key.public_key())
+            .set_key_without_alias(recipient_key.public_key())
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar.from_tinybars(100_000_000))
         )
         account_receipt = (

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_airdrop_transaction_cancel.py b/examples/tokens/token_airdrop_transaction_cancel.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def create_account(
     try:
         tx = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(recipient_key.public_key())
+            .set_key_without_alias(recipient_key.public_key())
             .set_initial_balance(initial_balance)
         )
         receipt = tx.freeze_with(client).sign(operator_key).execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_associate_transaction.py b/examples/tokens/token_associate_transaction.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def create_test_account(client, operator_key):
     try:
         receipt = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+            .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
             .set_account_memo("Test account for token association demo")
             .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_freeze_key.py b/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_freeze_key.py
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def create_demo_account(client: Client, operator_key: PrivateKey) -> DemoAccount
     new_key = PrivateKey.generate_ed25519()
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_key.public_key())
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_key.public_key())
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(2))
         .set_account_memo("Freeze key demo account")
         .freeze_with(client)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_kyc_key.py b/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_kyc_key.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def create_account(client, operator_key, initial_balance=Hbar(2)):
     try:
         transaction = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(account_public_key)
+            .set_key_without_alias(account_public_key)
             .set_initial_balance(initial_balance)
             .freeze_with(client)
         )

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_max_automatic_token_associations_0.py b/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_max_automatic_token_associations_0.py
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def create_max_account(
     # Configure the new account to require explicit associations before accepting tokens.
     tx = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(max_key.public_key())
+        .set_key_without_alias(max_key.public_key())
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(5))
         .set_account_memo("max (auto-assoc = 0)")
         .set_max_automatic_token_associations(0)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_pause_key.py b/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_pause_key.py
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def create_temp_account(client, operator_key):
 
     tx = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(pub_key)  # MUST use public key
+        .set_key_without_alias(pub_key)  # MUST use public key
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar.from_tinybars(1000))
         .freeze_with(client)
         .sign(operator_key)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_wipe_key.py b/examples/tokens/token_create_transaction_wipe_key.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def create_recipient_account(client):
     private_key = PrivateKey.generate_ed25519()
     tx = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(private_key.public_key())
+        .set_key_without_alias(private_key.public_key())
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(2))
     )
     receipt = tx.execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_dissociate_transaction.py b/examples/tokens/token_dissociate_transaction.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def create_new_account(client, operator_id, operator_key):
         # Build the transaction
         tx = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(recipient_key.public_key())  # <-- THE FIX: Call as a method
+            .set_key_without_alias(recipient_key.public_key())  # <-- THE FIX: Call as a method
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar.from_tinybars(100_000_000))  # 1 Hbar
         )
 

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_grant_kyc_transaction.py b/examples/tokens/token_grant_kyc_transaction.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def create_test_account(client):
     # Create new account with initial balance of 1 HBAR
     transaction = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .freeze_with(client)
     )

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_reject_transaction_fungible_token.py b/examples/tokens/token_reject_transaction_fungible_token.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def create_test_account(client):
     # Create new account with initial balance of 1 HBAR
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .execute(client)
     )

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_reject_transaction_nft.py b/examples/tokens/token_reject_transaction_nft.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def create_test_account(client):
     # Create new account with initial balance of 1 HBAR
     receipt = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .execute(client)
     )

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_revoke_kyc_transaction.py b/examples/tokens/token_revoke_kyc_transaction.py
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def create_test_account(client):
     # Create new account with initial balance of 1 HBAR
     transaction = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .freeze_with(client)
     )

diff --git a/examples/tokens/token_wipe_transaction.py b/examples/tokens/token_wipe_transaction.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def create_test_account(client):
     # Create new account with initial balance of 1 HBAR
     transaction = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .freeze_with(client)
     )

diff --git a/examples/transaction/transfer_transaction_fungible.py b/examples/transaction/transfer_transaction_fungible.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def create_account(client, operator_key):
     try:
         tx = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(recipient_key.public_key())
+            .set_key_without_alias(recipient_key.public_key())
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar.from_tinybars(100_000_000))
         )
         receipt = tx.freeze_with(client).sign(operator_key).execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/transaction/transfer_transaction_hbar.py b/examples/transaction/transfer_transaction_hbar.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def create_account(client, operator_key):
     try:
         tx = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(recipient_key.public_key())
+            .set_key_without_alias(recipient_key.public_key())
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar.from_tinybars(100_000_000))
         )
         receipt = tx.freeze_with(client).sign(operator_key).execute(client)

diff --git a/examples/transaction/transfer_transaction_nft.py b/examples/transaction/transfer_transaction_nft.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def create_test_account(client):
     # Create new account with initial balance of 1 HBAR
     transaction = (
         AccountCreateTransaction()
-        .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+        .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
         .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
         .freeze_with(client)
     )

diff --git a/tests/integration/account_info_query_e2e_test.py b/tests/integration/account_info_query_e2e_test.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def test_integration_account_info_query_can_execute():
 
         receipt = (
             AccountCreateTransaction()
-            .set_key(new_account_public_key)
+            .set_key_without_alias(new_account_public_key)
             .set_initial_balance(Hbar(1))
             .set_account_memo(account_memo)
             .execute(env.client)