Subnet 2 [τ, β]

Proof of Inference

Autonomy unbridled. Governed by math, not blind faith.

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Subnet 2 represents a significant stride in enhancing the Bittensor network, aiming to create the world's largest peer-to-peer Verified Intelligence network, by building a Proof-of-Inference system for the Bittensor network. This initiative aligns with the Opentensor foundation's criteria for innovative subnet solutions. zk-ML allows AI models to be converted into a unique 'fingerprint,' a circuit that can be used to verify that a model's prediction was generated by a specific AI model, thereby providing what we term as Proof-of-Inference.

The miner and validator are native Rust binaries communicating over both HTTP and QUIC (via btlightning). Pre-built binaries are published as GitHub releases; the binaries include a built-in auto-update mechanism that polls for new releases every 5 minutes and performs atomic binary replacement so PM2 restarts with the new version.

Miners and Validators Functionality

Incentive Mechanism and Reward Structure

Subnet 2 incentivizes miners and validators to contribute to the generation and validation of high-quality, secure, and efficient verified AI predictions using a specialized reward mechanism aligned with the unique aspects of zero-knowledge machine learning (zk-ML) and decentralized AI. Zero-knowledge proofs are generally more CPU computationally intensive and open the opportunity for non-GPU miners to participate, however the end goal is to further incentivize the development of proving systems optimized for GPU-based operations. The incentives are based around miners creating succinct and efficient models which can be circuitized with a zero-knowledge proving system.

The reward mechanism scores the initial AI predictions based on the cryptographic integrity and time to generate zk-proofs along with the outputs, rather than solely on end results. This approach reduces the computational burden on validators as zk-proofs confirm the source model and integrity of AI predictions efficiently.

Miners

Receive input data from validators on the subnet
Generate predictions using custom, verifiable AI models that have been converted into zero-knowledge circuits
Return the generated content to the requesting validator for validation and distribution

Validators

Produce input data and distribute requests for verified inference throughout miners participating on the subnet
Confirm that miners are acting faithfully, by verifying the authenticity of the miner's returned zero-knowledge proof
Score results from miners based on performance metrics such as proof size and response time

Quickstart

Prerequisites

Tool	Description
Rust	Required to build from source. Install via `curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs \| sh`
PM2	Process manager used to run and monitor the binaries in the background
btcli	CLI for interacting with the Bittensor network (wallet creation, registration)

Alternatively, use Docker — no Rust toolchain needed. See the Docker instructions under Run the Miner and Run the Validator below.

Install from pre-built binary

Automatically detects your platform, downloads the latest release, verifies the SHA256 checksum, and installs to /usr/local/bin:

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2/main/install.sh | bash

To install only the miner or validator:

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2/main/install.sh | bash -s -- sn2-miner
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2/main/install.sh | bash -s -- sn2-validator

For testnet builds (from the testnet branch):

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2/testnet/install.sh | NETWORK=testnet bash
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2/testnet/install.sh | NETWORK=testnet bash -s -- sn2-miner
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2/testnet/install.sh | NETWORK=testnet bash -s -- sn2-validator

Or download manually from GitHub Releases.

Build from source

git clone https://github.com/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2.git
cd subnet-2
cargo build --release --bin sn2-validator --bin sn2-miner

Binaries will be at target/release/sn2-validator and target/release/sn2-miner.

Setup guide →

Register on the Subnet

btcli subnet register --subtensor.network finney --netuid 2 --wallet.name {your_coldkey} --wallet.hotkey {your_hotkey}

Run the Miner

Docker

With docker compose (recommended)

---
services:

  subnet-2-miner:
    image: ghcr.io/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - 8091:8091
    volumes:
      - {path_to_your_.bittensor_directory}:/home/subnet2/.bittensor
    environment:
      - PUID=1000
      - HOME=/home/subnet2
    labels:
      - com.centurylinklabs.watchtower.enable=true
    command: sn2-miner --wallet-name {your_miner_key_name} --wallet-hotkey {your_miner_hotkey_name} --netuid 2

  watchtower:
    image: containrrr/watchtower:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
    command: --interval 60 --cleanup --label-enable

With docker cli

docker run -d \
  --name subnet-2-miner \
  -p 8091:8091 \
  -v {path_to_your_.bittensor_directory}:/home/subnet2/.bittensor \
  -e PUID=1000 \
  -e HOME=/home/subnet2 \
  --restart unless-stopped \
  ghcr.io/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2:latest \
  sn2-miner \
  --wallet-name {your_miner_key_name} \
  --wallet-hotkey {your_miner_hotkey_name} \
  --netuid 2

With PM2

make pm2-miner WALLET_NAME={your_miner_key_name} WALLET_HOTKEY={your_miner_hotkey_name}

Or directly (use ./sn2-miner for pre-built binaries, target/release/sn2-miner for source builds):

pm2 start ./sn2-miner --name subnet-2-miner --kill-timeout 3000 -- \
  --wallet-name {your_miner_key_name} \
  --wallet-hotkey {your_miner_hotkey_name} \
  --netuid 2

Run the Validator

Docker

With docker compose (recommended)

---
services:

  subnet-2-validator:
    image: ghcr.io/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - 8443:8443
      - 9090:9090
    volumes:
      - {path_to_your_.bittensor_directory}:/home/subnet2/.bittensor
    environment:
      - PUID=1000
      - HOME=/home/subnet2
    labels:
      - com.centurylinklabs.watchtower.enable=true
    command: sn2-validator --wallet-name {validator_key_name} --wallet-hotkey {validator_hotkey_name} --netuid 2

  watchtower:
    image: containrrr/watchtower:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
    command: --interval 60 --cleanup --label-enable

With docker cli

docker run -d \
  --name subnet-2-validator \
  -p 8443:8443 \
  -p 9090:9090 \
  -v {path_to_your_.bittensor_directory}:/home/subnet2/.bittensor \
  -e PUID=1000 \
  -e HOME=/home/subnet2 \
  --restart unless-stopped \
  ghcr.io/inference-labs-inc/subnet-2:latest \
  sn2-validator \
  --wallet-name {validator_key_name} \
  --wallet-hotkey {validator_hotkey_name} \
  --netuid 2

With PM2

make pm2-validator WALLET_NAME={validator_key_name} WALLET_HOTKEY={validator_hotkey_name}

Or directly (use ./sn2-validator for pre-built binaries, target/release/sn2-validator for source builds):

pm2 start ./sn2-validator --name subnet-2-validator --kill-timeout 3000 -- \
  --wallet-name {validator_key_name} \
  --wallet-hotkey {validator_hotkey_name} \
  --netuid 2

Miner

Miners contribute to this subnet by providing compute to generate output from, and prove AI model inferences. Miners receive workloads from validators in the form of input data, perform verified inferences on those inputs and respond with output along with a zero-knowledge proof of inference.

Hardware requirements

Minimum

Component	Requirement
CPU	8 core 3.2GHz
RAM	32GB
Network Up	400Mbps
Network Down	400Mbps
Storage	1TB
Storage Medium	NVMe SSD

Validator

Validators are responsible for verifying model outputs as provided by miners, and updating that miner's score based on the verification results.

Hardware requirements

Minimum

Component	Requirement
CPU	8 core 3.2GHz
RAM	16GB
Network Up	400Mbps
Network Down	400Mbps
Storage	1TB

Architecture

The codebase is organized as a Rust workspace with the following crates:

Crate	Purpose
`sn2-types`	Shared types, constants, and protocol definitions
`sn2-chain`	Wallet, metagraph, registration, weights, and auto-update
`sn2-verify`	Proof verification via the Expander backend
`sn2-validator`	Validator binary
`sn2-miner`	Miner binary

Both binaries communicate with miners/validators over HTTP (axum) and QUIC (btlightning). Chain interactions use subxt for direct Substrate RPC.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 907 Commits
.devcontainer		.devcontainer
.githooks		.githooks
.github		.github
.vscode		.vscode
crates		crates
docs		docs
tools		tools
.flake8		.flake8
.gitignore		.gitignore
.isort.cfg		.isort.cfg
.pylintrc		.pylintrc
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md		CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
Cargo.lock		Cargo.lock
Cargo.toml		Cargo.toml
Dockerfile		Dockerfile
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
SECURITY.md		SECURITY.md
clippy.toml		clippy.toml
deny.toml		deny.toml
install.sh		install.sh
makefile		makefile
miner.config.toml		miner.config.toml
rust-toolchain.toml		rust-toolchain.toml
rustfmt.toml		rustfmt.toml
sync_model_files.sh		sync_model_files.sh

Component	Recommendation
CPU	8 core 3.6GHz+
RAM	64GB+
Network Up	1Gbps
Network Down	1Gbps
Storage	2TB
Storage Medium	NVMe SSD

Component	Recommendation
CPU	8 core 3.4GHz
RAM	32GB
Network Up	1+Gbps
Network Down	1+Gbps
Storage	2+TB
Storage Medium	SSD

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Subnet 2 [τ, β]

Proof of Inference

Miners and Validators Functionality

Incentive Mechanism and Reward Structure

Miners

Validators

Quickstart

Prerequisites

Install from pre-built binary

Build from source

Register on the Subnet

Run the Miner

With docker compose (recommended)

With docker cli

With PM2

Run the Validator

With docker compose (recommended)

With docker cli

With PM2

Miner

Hardware requirements

Minimum

Recommended

Validator

Hardware requirements

Minimum

Recommended

Architecture

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