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52 changes: 26 additions & 26 deletions site/news/2025-07-07-weekly-progress-summary.md
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tags: [progress, update, weekly, high-throughput, protocol-variants, stracciatella, linear-leios, simulation-analysis, cddl]
---

This week, the Leios team achieved significant milestones in protocol development and analysis, successfully demonstrating high-throughput capabilities and exploring new protocol variants. The team completed comprehensive experiments with the Stracciatella variant, conducted analytical analysis of Linear Leios throughput efficiency, and implemented new simulation capabilities.
This week, the Leios team achieved significant milestones in protocol development and analysis, successfully demonstrating high-throughput capabilities and exploring new protocol variants. The team conducted comprehensive experiments with the Stracciatella variant, analyzed the Linear Leios throughput efficiency, and implemented new simulation capabilities.

## High-throughput demonstration

- Successfully completed experiments demonstrating 1,000+ TPS capability with the Stracciatella variant of Leios.
- Achieved spatial efficiency better than 95% with transaction lifecycle times under two minutes.
- Validated protocol performance under extreme throughput conditions significantly beyond current Cardano capacity.
- Completed experiments demonstrating over 1,000 TPS capability with the Stracciatella variant of Leios
- Achieved spatial efficiency above 95% with transaction lifecycle times under two minutes
- Validated protocol performance under extreme throughput conditions well beyond the current Cardano capacity
- Documented detailed findings in the [Stracciatella analysis notebook](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/sims/2025w28/analysis-stracciatella.ipynb).

## Protocol variants analysis

### Stracciatella variant

- Completed comprehensive analysis of the Stracciatella variant (no IBs, transaction references in EBs, two-stage pipeline).
- Completed a comprehensive analysis of the Stracciatella variant (no IBs, transaction references in EBs, two-stage pipeline)
- Key findings:
- 5 slot/stage performs less well but scales better than 8 slot/stage.
- Only minimal fraction of transactions fail to reach ledger, likely due to EB expiration.
- Network usage is slightly heavy while CPU usage appears suspiciously light.
- Congestion appears at 1,000+ TPS throughput levels.
- 5-slot/stage performs less well but scales better than 8-slot/stage
- Only a minimal fraction of transactions fail to reach the ledger, likely due to EB expiration
- Network usage is slightly heavy, while CPU usage appears suspiciously light
- Congestion begins to appear at throughput levels above 1,000 TPS.

### Linear Leios throughput efficiency

- Conducted analytical analysis of Linear Leios variant's probability of including certified EBs on-chain.
- Results show Linear Leios could achieve approximately 500 times the throughput of Praos at over 50% network resource efficiency.
- 500 times Praos throughput would exceed 1,000 historically typical transactions per second.
- Conducted an analysis of the Linear Leios variant's probability of including certified EBs on-chain
- Results show Linear Leios could achieve approximately 500 times the throughput of Praos at over 50% network resource efficiency
- 500 times Praos throughput would exceed 1,000 historically typical transactions per second
- Generated comprehensive throughput and efficiency visualizations available in the [analysis repository](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/).

![Throughput of Linear Leios](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/main/analysis/linear-leios-throughput.svg)
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### Rust simulation

- Implemented first pass at Linear Leios variant in Rust simulation.
- Enhanced simulation capabilities for protocol variant testing and analysis.
- Continued optimization of simulation performance for high-throughput scenarios.
- Implemented a first pass of the Linear Leios variant in the Rust simulation
- Enhanced simulation capabilities to support protocol variant testing and analysis
- Continued optimizing simulation performance for high-throughput scenarios.

### Small transaction experiments

- Completed analysis of small-transaction, high-throughput experiments with 300-byte non-Plutus transactions.
- Completed the analysis of small-transaction, high-throughput experiments with 300-byte non-Plutus transactions
- Key findings:
- 1,000 tx/s with 300 B/tx is feasible in Leios variants.
- Clear time vs space tradeoff between variants.
- `full-with-ib-references` uses space more efficiently than `full-without-ibs`.
- `full-without-ibs` has shorter transaction lifecycle than `full-with-ib-references`.
- 2 CPU cores are sufficient for high-throughput operation.
- Network usage remains modest under high load.
- Supporting materials available in [analysis documentation](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/sims/2025w28/ReadMe.pdf) and [analysis notebook](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/sims/2025w28/analysis.ipynb).
- 1,000 tx/s with 300 B/tx is feasible in Leios variants
- Clear timespace tradeoff between variants
- `full-with-ib-references` uses space more efficiently than `full-without-ibs`
- `full-without-ibs` has a shorter transaction lifecycle than `full-with-ib-references`
- 2 CPU cores are sufficient for high-throughput operation
- Network usage remains modest under high load
- Supporting materials are available in [analysis documentation](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/sims/2025w28/ReadMe.pdf) and [analysis notebook](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/sims/2025w28/analysis.ipynb).

## Next steps

- Continue investigation of protocol variants for CIP convergence.
- Expand simulation capabilities for additional protocol variants.
- Refine performance optimization strategies for high-throughput scenarios.
- Continue investigation of protocol variants for CIP convergence
- Expand simulation capabilities for additional protocol variants
- Refine performance optimization strategies for high-throughput scenarios
- Complete documentation of protocol variant comparisons and recommendations.

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