Update cloudbuild image

[nojnhuh]

What type of PR is this?
/kind cleanup

What this PR does / why we need it:

This PR updates the four-year-old cloudbuild image we use to push images to the staging repo. This isn't fixing any real errors, but the logs get a little noisy with messages like this:

go: errors parsing go.mod:
/workspace/go.mod:3: invalid go version '1.23.2': must match format 1.23
/workspace/go.mod:5: unknown directive: toolchain

I think these are coming from the go list commands we embed in the Makefile. At least there are four of those and those messages appear in groups of four.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes (optional, in fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...) format, will close the issue(s) when PR gets merged):
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

TODOs:

• squashed commits
• includes documentation
• adds unit tests
• cherry-pick candidate

Release note:

NONE

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 52.84%. Comparing base (38c1db6) to head (8a0ec28).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #5715   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   52.83%   52.84%           
=======================================
  Files         278      278           
  Lines       29610    29610           
=======================================
+ Hits        15645    15647    +2     
+ Misses      13148    13146    -2     
  Partials      817      817           

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[mboersma]

/lgtm
/approve

[k8s-ci-robot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: cc4da185fcc09625840558d79a0174f96c2498ee

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: mboersma

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