Bump Go toolchain to v1.24.11

[mboersma]

What type of PR is this?

/kind cleanup

What this PR does / why we need it:

Updates the Go compiler and tools to v1.24.11.

go1.24.11 (released 2025-12-02) includes two security fixes to the crypto/x509 package, as well as bug fixes to the runtime. See the Go 1.24.11 milestone on our issue tracker for details.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
N/A

Special notes for your reviewer:
See #5966 for prior art.

TODOs:

• squashed commits
• includes documentation
• adds unit tests
• cherry-pick candidate

Release note:

NONE

[mboersma]

/cherry-pick release-1.21

[k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot]

@mboersma: once the present PR merges, I will cherry-pick it on top of release-1.21 in a new PR and assign it to you.

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-1.21

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the kubernetes-sigs/prow repository.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 44.54%. Comparing base (e695d87) to head (eec85a8).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #5991   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   44.54%   44.54%           
=======================================
  Files         279      279           
  Lines       25140    25140           
=======================================
  Hits        11199    11199           
  Misses      13128    13128           
  Partials      813      813           

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[nojnhuh]

/lgtm
/approve

[k8s-ci-robot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: 0c0bda273d6d4007cf9f7aef9b88793d9a6ebb4d

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: nojnhuh

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• OWNERS [nojnhuh]

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[k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot]

@mboersma: new pull request created: #5992

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-1.21

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the kubernetes-sigs/prow repository.