[compiler-rt] [test] Add test for frame counter out of order. (#154190)

Add test for #148278. This was written with the aide of ChatGPT 5 and
tested on Linux x86_64.

Author: jschwartzentruber

compiler-rt/test/asan/TestCases/Posix/asan_symbolize_script/anon_wrong_frame_number.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// This test case checks for a bug where anonymous code results in
+// out-of-order stack frame numbers.
+
+// UNSUPPORTED: android
+// UNSUPPORTED: aarch64
+// UNSUPPORTED: darwin
+// UNSUPPORTED: ios
+// XFAIL: *
+
+// RUN: %clangxx_asan -O0 -g %s -o %t
+// RUN: %env_asan_opts=symbolize=0 not %run %t DUMMY_ARG > %t.asan_report 2>&1
+// RUN: %asan_symbolize -d --log-level debug --log-dest %t_debug_log_output.txt -l %t.asan_report > %t.asan_report_sym
+// RUN: FileCheck --input-file=%t.asan_report_sym %s
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static void call_via_anon_page(void (*fn)()) {
+  const size_t pagesz = static_cast<size_t>(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE));
+  uint8_t *mem =
+      static_cast<uint8_t *>(mmap(nullptr, pagesz, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                                  MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0));
+  if (mem == MAP_FAILED)
+    perror("mmap");
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+  // x86_64: mov rax, imm64; call rax; ret
+  // 48 B8 <imm64> FF D0 C3
+  uint8_t stub[2 + 8 + 2 + 1] = {0x48, 0xB8};
+  std::memcpy(stub + 2, &fn, sizeof(fn)); // imm64
+  stub[2 + 8] = 0xFF;
+  stub[2 + 9] = 0xD0;  // call rax
+  stub[2 + 10] = 0xC3; // ret
+#else
+#  error "unsupported platform"
+#endif
+
+  std::memcpy(mem, stub, sizeof(stub));
+  mprotect(mem, pagesz, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC);
+
+  using Thunk = void (*)();
+  reinterpret_cast<Thunk>(mem)();
+
+  munmap(mem, pagesz);
+}
+
+static void crash() {
+  char p[8], *s = p;
+
+  // out-of-bounds write to trigger ASan
+  s[16] = 42;
+}
+
+int main() {
+  call_via_anon_page(crash);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Check that the numbering of the stackframes is correct.
+
+// CHECK: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow
+// CHECK-NEXT: WRITE of size
+// CHECK-NEXT: #0 0x{{[0-9a-fA-F]+}} in crash
+// CHECK-NEXT: #1 0x{{[0-9a-fA-F]+}}
+// CHECK-NEXT: #2 0x{{[0-9a-fA-F]+}} in main